Current mission in the solar system

Table of Contents Purpose Instruments Discoveries Importance of the discoveries Works Cited NASA established a discovery mission named Genesis in 2001 that targeted the sun. Astronomy experts within NASA launched it in August 8, 2001. However, the mission is still ongoing since samples are under study. This spacecraft revolved around the sun and earth for four years collecting particles of solar wind.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Current mission in the solar system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The spacecraft entered the earth space in September 2004 above the Utah desert. Unfortunately, as it sped down towards the earth surface, its parachutes failed. Consequently, it crashed into the earth surface damaging some of its components. However, this crash did not damage the samples it was carrying. Thus, the scientists extracted them from the debris and transported them to a laboratory for analysis (Russel l 1). Purpose The mission had various objectives, the first being the collection of solar wind samples and bring them to earth for analysis. This mission required a lot of expertise because there were specific areas where genesis was to collect these specimens. An additional objective of the mission was to increase the knowledge of the sun’s composition. Many scientists have planned for this mission for a very long time. However, most of them have not accomplished it because of the nature of the sun. It is evident that they could not construct an appropriate instrument that could reach the sun without damaging along the way. An addition purpose of the mission was to find out the procedures that led up to the derivation of the solar system (Russell 2). Instruments The instruments used in the discovery mission include Genesis, which was the spacecraft. Additional instruments were silicon, aluminum, and gold foil collectors that purified the samples it collected in the sun. The mission was equipped with communication devices that conveyed the information collected in the sun. The most important instruments in this mission were the cameras that provided high dimension images and the sound detectors that conveyed any other movements in the sun a part from that of Genesis (Angelo, 262). On its return journey, the capsule was fitted with parachutes means to open immediately it entered the earth surface. This was to provide it with a soft landing. Additionally, there were standby helicopters with the obligation of capturing the return capsule mid air. This strategy was to prevent it from crushing and splitting its contents (Angelo, 262). Discoveries The first discovery of the mission was the fact that the solar wind contained 350 wafers. In addition, the wafers contained various components like silicone and germanium. This was an important discovery in the mission as these components could help in further discoveries.Advertising Looking for report on astro nomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, many scientists referred to it as an imperative initial discovery. Most importantly, this discovery gave assurance that the mission was in the right track. An additional discovery of this mission was that the sun consists of burning gases. This discovery arose from the scrutiny of Genesis’s temperature whenever it approached the sun to collect samples (Flores 70). Importance of the discoveries These discoveries were imperative because they answered the objectives of the mission. It is noteworthy that the presence of wafers and the composition of different gases will help the scientists to compute the isotopic fraction of oxygen and nitrogen in the sun. As a result, it will help in accomplishing the objectives concerning the sun’s composition. An additional objective that will be addressed with this discovery is the increase of knowledge on the sun’s composition. Furth ermore, the discoveries will aid in determining the processes involved in the solar system foundation (Flores 70). Works Cited Angelo, Joseph. Encyclopedia of space and astronomy. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing, 2006. Print. Flores, Julià ¡n. A second genesis: stepping-stones towards the intelligibility of nature. World Scientific, 2009. Print. Russell, Charles. The Genesis Mission. Massachusetts, MA: Springer Publishers. 2003. Print. This report on Current mission in the solar system was written and submitted by user Dirty Crane to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Essay Topics on the Profession of a Teacher

10 Essay Topics on the Profession of a Teacher If a person lacks information, that won’t be easy to write an essay on a teacher. An essay requires facts, proper structure, good grammar, style, formatting, and, of course, student’s time and efforts. 10 Facts about Teacher’s Profession to Make an Essay Well-Researched Sometimes, students don’t have enough time to accomplish their essays because they cannot support them with reliable facts. It takes much time to research some topics and students usually cannot cope with the task because they just don’t have that time. We offer 10 interesting facts about the profession that will help to write an A+ paper. Today people use the word â€Å"pedagogue† when they speak about a teacher but people in Ancient Greece applied this word to slaves who were to take children and bring them first to school and then back home. â€Å"Pedagogue† means â€Å"a person who leads a child†. Slaves who couldn’t perform more difficult physical work were to be pedagogues. In ancient Greece, teachers of Arithmetic were called calculators (calculus a pebble). Teachers used stones to count in those days. That’s how the word â€Å"calculator† appeared. In the XIX century, foreign tutors were appointed as teachers for noble children. A great number of foreigners rushed to live in Russia just at that period. Most of them were not educated. Employers hired those people because they knew a foreign language. There were some conditions though. The governesses were to be either old or married and not pretty/handsome. Due to that, husbands and wives were not afraid of possible love affairs. Some teachers turn to corporal punishment when they cannot control the discipline or make a pupil study until the present day. That’s one of the possible ways to punish a schoolchild for improper behavior and poor progress at some schools in Australia (Queensland and South Australia), Burma (Myanmar), China, Egypt, India, Japan (but rare), Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore (only males can be punished), Taiwan (despite the prohibition), Tanzania (not more than four strikes at one time and the punishment must be recorded), Thailand, the United States (only District of Columbia and 31 states have banned corporal punishment), and Uganda. As a rule, corporal punishment includes caning, kicks, pushes, beating, slapping, and mental abuse. Teachers in Ukraine and Russia (engaged in secondary schools) are getting â€Å"older† because of low salary. As a rule, only those teachers whose experience includes more than 20 years can earn more. Young teachers lack motivation and just don’t want to wait twenty years. As a result, they leave their job and look for something else or move abroad. German teachers are the only teachers who are fully satisfied with their life. No wonder, an average German earns â‚ ¬2500 while a teacher can earn up to â‚ ¬3500 per month. German teachers can afford traveling around the world and rent three-room apartments. There is also the reverse of the coin. First, they may have to teach several subjects. For example, one teacher can conduct English, Physical Education, and Chemistry. Second, a person has to pass a number of exams after the University. Third, a future teacher should undergo practical training (two years being supervised by an expert) and then pass one more State Exam. Finally, a person can look for some job at a school. Students in Turkey can kiss their teacher’s hands to thank them for their work. Turkish people believe that there must be a perfect triangle: teacher parents children. The better the relations are, the more productive learning achievements will be. Education doesn’t let a person become a teacher without the agreement of the government in France. French government announces which vacancies are to be filled and advertises them. A principal cannot hire or dismiss a teacher without the government’s permission. Teachers cannot give private lessons in Great Britain and can be punished or dismissed in case of disobedience. Teachers can take a vacation that can last up to a year in Israel. In addition, they cannot be dismissed during that period and they get their salary as usual. How to Present Facts Properly There is one more important thing each student should know. When using some facts, a person must either present the copyright page or â€Å"change† the chosen statistics, evidence and facts. What does it mean? It means that a student mustn’t simply copy the information. The best way to support the investigation of the topic with facts is to do a thorough research. A student has to read, analyze, and interpret the information. In case a student copies the data in the paper without any changes, he or she may be blamed for plagiarism. The paper is usually checked with the help of some plagiarism checker. If the academic writing is not unique, it will be banned and a student can be expelled from the college. That’s why it’s very important to be careful when presenting some information in the paper. References: Teacher’s Blog: the Guardians. How Teachers Are Rated in 21 Countries around the World. https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2013/oct/03/teachers-rated-worldwide-global-survey Wikipedia. School Corporal Punishment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_corporal_punishment#By_country Ben Radding (2018). Where Is Corporal Punishment Still Legal? https://www.fatherly.com/love-money/where-corporal-punishment-still-legal/ Ayushi Sareen (2016). 15 Interesting Facts About Education Around The World They Don’t Teach You In School. https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Interesting-Facts-Education-Around-The-World/#.5fe7ub5hu Working Conditions: Israel Guide. https://www.justlanded.com/english/Israel/Israel-Guide/Jobs/Working-Conditions A. V. Yannicopoulos (1985). The Pedagogue in Antiquity. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3121511?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents The International Massmedia Agency (2017). Portrait of the Ukrainian teacher: woman over 40 with a salary of 7000 UAH.   https://intmassmedia.com/2017/10/01/portrait-of-the-ukrainian-teacher-woman-over-40-with-a-salary-of-7000-uah/

Health Care in United Arab Emirates

Health Care in United Arab Emirates Health Care in United Arab Emirates: An Introduction The health service in United Arab Emirates (UAE) is largely funded by the government of the day in spite of the significant contribution made by the private health care sector (Ali, 2010). UAE has made major strides in the growth and development of health care services courtesy of the heavy monetary and human resource investment by the government.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Health Care in United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, one of the recent reports by the United Nations department on Human Development reveals that UAE is the top 43rd best country in terms of advances in health care out of the 174 countries that were ranked in the survey of developing countries. In retrospect, it is imperative to note that the United Arab Emirates health care system used to be rather pathetic but the status has transformed over time. Major p rogress has been made in the development of human health and healthcare sector in general (Ali, 2010). Owing to the realization that the citizens of United Arab Emirates are the most important asset owned by the country, the government has for the last three decades embarked on healthcare strategies that are more beneficial to its citizens. The current health program in UAE has been designed in such a way that it addresses the emphatic need for attaining decent health for all and sundry. This is also in line with the global objectives for universal healthcare for people from all walks in life. Consequently, new programs such as â€Å"Doctor Match† are coming into being as part of the process of not only improving the status of the current healthcare provision in UAE, but also creating broad awareness to all citizens and foreigners on how best they can maintain a healthy environment. To this end, there are regions being targeted in order to establish the new business. Moreover , there are other stakeholders derived from both the healthcare sectors as well as interested parties who will boost the â€Å"Doctor Match† program. Ministry of Health in UAE It is equally vital to reiterate the commitment put forth by the Ministry of Health in United Arab Emirates. As a direct agent of the government on matters of health, the ministry has laid out plans that will ease the process of accessing healthcare services as well as tailor made medical programs suitable for certain target groups. Achieving such an ambitious objective may not be a walk in the park (Ali, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the Ministry of Health is already working out modalities of expanding the long term healthcare plans that were adopted sometimes back. The current programs and health care policies are being reviewed by the ministry with long t erm objectives in mind. Indeed, this is a big merit for â€Å"Doctor Match† bearing in mind that the cooperation with the Ministry of Health will hasten the process of attaining our set goals and objectives. Besides, the ministry will act as a very powerful tool in offering guidance and moral support in achieving the broad goals ahead of us. Our focal point of interest is in giving a new meaning to health in United Arab Emirates. As a vibrant program, Doctor Match has a wider clientele base. Firstly, there are health care institutions such as clinics and hospitals that will form a formidable part of our operations. In addition, there are individual based clients like patients and healthcare professionals such as doctors and nursing fraternity who are remarkable customers to Doctor Match. Due to this large customer base, we will definitely be in a vantage position to reach our potential and most valued buyers. Better still, our brand identity will be acknowledged and appreciat ed within a short span of time. A critical look at the health care services that are already being offered by the Ministry of Health in UAE reveals a lot more than is actually known. The ministry has adequately reached out for both the rural and urban communities in its broad web of health services. This implies that there is a complete chain of health care facilities that are operational. Furthermore, there is reputable evidence of several health centers that are offering advanced medical services. Moreover, there are myriad of parallel programs that have been launched to create and improve awareness of the wider UAE society. For instance, the community is being enlightened on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle as part and parcel of maintaining a healthy record. The Ministry of Health in partnership with other stakeholders in healthcare services has conducted multiple research and Development. One important conclusion by the ministry is that there quite a number of lifestyle disea ses like cancer and diabetes that could be avoided if the population was more keen on their diet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Health Care in United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Security Privacy As with most online businesses, matters of security and privacy are paramount and cannot be ignored. For example, nearly all of online businesses will often request the credit card details of clients when making payments. Unfortunately, there are customers who are not contended with this requirement since they are not sure if the details of their credit cards will be divulged or accessed by a third party to the detriment of their safety. Owing to this serious concern, Doctor Match assures its clients that the viewing of their credit card details will be done only when necessary and by an authorized company official. Hence, clients should allay any fears surrounding the safety and privacy of the contents of their credit cards. Users have been assured by Doctor Match that none of the fraud cases in the use of credit cards will befall them and that they should feel safe to use it when making their payments. There are different varieties of credit cards issued by Doctor Match in order to meet the tastes and preferences of their customers. To supplement the use of credit cards, clients can also submit payments using PayPal (Doctor Match, 2010). It is upon customers to choose the best mode of payment they prefer. Online information concerning the rating of doctors is yet another cause of concern for users. They do not readily trust such data. Indeed, there are patients who may skeptical on the overall ratings of our site. They may perhaps think that Doctor Match interferes with the ratings as primarily given by patients. For this reason, Doctor Match pledges its customers that none of the ratings will ever be altered regardless of the circumstances. Since Doctor Health is basic ally concerned with health matters, it will always endeavor to develop a healthy environment in order to upgrade and improve the wellness of the wider community (Doctor Match, 2010). Patients may still be concerned the privacy of their personal informational that are being used online such medical records and contact details. However, Doctor Match treats the profile of each patient as confidentially as possible. Should there be nee to share any information regarding a particular patient, an approval is first sought from the affected party. Hence, although Doctor Match has access to all the patient records, keeping the privacy of such records is a core ethical practice of the business. It is upon clients to choose who they would like certain pertinent information with, not Doctor Match. Hence, clients have the control to choose who can browse their profiles. Over and above these aforementioned measures taken and guarantees on privacy and security, Doctor Match has additional package for security and privacy. For instance, the company works with clients who are between the ages of 21 and 55 (Doctor Match, 2010). This is meant to ensure that the credit cards held by clients are valid in terms of the details such as names. Furthermore, an Emirate ID or a license number is required by Doctor Match as part of verifying important card details.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In recap, Doctor Match has the following pledges for its dedicated users: Confidentiality, secure modes of payment, valid sources on their World Wide Web and identification number for purposes of validation. SWOT analysis for Doctor Match Strengths: We enjoy sponsorship from the health ministry Variety of information for clients Outstanding selling strategy due to unique services provided It is a rare system in health sector Weaknesses: Insufficient financial resources High initial operating cost such as hosting a website Lack of familiarity with the market Management challenges   Opportunities: Large customer base Improved awareness of health in the region Willingness by the government to lend support Advanced technological platform Threats: Stiff market competition Customers may respond negatively to the new initiative of seeking doctors References Ali, H.H. (2010, December 31).  Healthy people in Health promoted environment. Web. Doctor Match (2010, December 31).Respo nses from Doctor Match to you. Web.

5 Reasons Students Should Consider Becoming a CV Writer

5 Reasons Students Should Consider Becoming a CV Writer 5 Reasons Students Should Consider Becoming a CV Writer When you’re trying to find a job, there are few better ways to catch the eye of a prospective employer than a well-written, impressive CV. But for most people, writing their CVs is something that’s only done every few years – if even that frequently. As a result, it’s not surprising that some people simply aren’t that good at it. Oftentimes, savvy job seekers will turn to a professional writer to help them craft the resume. For students, this creates an amazing opportunity to hone their skills, while earning a little extra money, by becoming a CV writer. So, why should you consider this career path? Because: CV Writers Are Always In-Demand As long as employers are hiring, there’s going to be a demand for CV writers. That’s because when it comes to landing a big interview, job seekers need to be able to make themselves stand out. And while they may have a long list of talents and experience, not everyone is going to be a skilled writer. As such, there will always be a need for experienced writers who are able to craft professional-quality CVs. Being Your Own Boss Is Awesome One of the most common reasons that students give for choosing to become a CV writer is the flexibility the job provides. Since it’s a freelance position, CV writers enjoy the ability to be their own bosses – to set their own schedules and only take on the projects that they choose to. Online Presence Is No Problem for You In today’s employment market, simply having a complete resume isn’t always enough to land the perfect job. Applicants are also expected to have a complete online presence which depicts them in a professional manner. As a CV writer, you’ll learn how to not only craft resumes, but also improve profiles on business-focused websites like LinkedIn. Your Eye for Details Is Perfect If writing a powerful resume was as easy as simply listing past jobs and education, there wouldn’t be much of a market for CV writers. Luckily though, the most effective CVs are the ones which are focused on the skills and abilities necessary for the job at hand. By becoming a professional CV writer, you can develop a keen eye for detail that will allow you to create well-written resumes that truly help your clients land the positions that they’re after. Improved CV Writing Skills Equal a Great Job in the Future A job with no practical long-term benefit is just that: a job. But as a CV writer, you’re doing more than just earning a little extra money – you’re also developing important skills that will assist you throughout your entire career. You’re not only helping others find great jobs; you are also developing the written communication skills needed to improve your future employment prospects as well. While just about everyone needs to have a well-written CV, not everyone has the skills, knowledge, and patience necessary to learn how to write them well. For college students, this provides an opportunity to earn some extra money while improving both their writing skills and future employment prospects at the same time. Probably, our professional custom writing service can be useful for  you check it out!

Current Trends in Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Trends in Nursing Practice - Essay Example The Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) Medicare creates a shared savings program which will enable us to form an Accountable Care Organization which is legally recognized. This will enable us to coordinate our activities while providing Medicare free-for-services. In addition, an incentive given by the new law will play a significant role in motivating me to reach for more people and offer the necessary attention to all people who need our help irrespective of their location (CCH Incorporated, 2010). Therefore, through personal satisfaction, the Act will play a major role in creating a serene working environment and changing my attitude towards the nursing practices. This will enable me to be more satisfied with my work. Previously, there was no legislation that recognized a group of providers who were willing to offer free services to the members of public. Therefore, the inclusion of this aspect will be of great benefit in motivating me to bring together other like-minded nurses in order to make changes in the lives of the less fortunate in the society (United States,

Japanese history part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese history part 2 - Essay Example This regime was in no position to exercise control over its domains, and was incapable of defending the nation from the threat posed by the Western powers (Asia for Educators, Columbia University). Moreover, in the year 1853, the Western threat crystallized with the arrival of Matthew Perry and a US Navy squadron. Their demand was that Japan had to open its shores to commerce from the West. The weakness of the Shogunate compelled it to enter into several inequitable treaties, wherein Japan had to grant special legal and economic privileges to the Western nations (Asia for Educators, Columbia University). Another instance of the effect of Western Imperialism upon weaker Asian nations was China, which was ruthlessly exploited by the European powers. In order to prevent a similar fate, a group of middle-ranking samurai deposed the Shogun in the year 1868. Their aim was to modernize the nation, and they realized that feudalism had to be destroyed for achieving their purpose (Asia for Educators, Columbia University). In addition, this intervention served to place Japan on a course of radical modernization without any bloodshed. The change wrought by this revolution, was perhaps unrivalled in history. This fundamental change was ostensibly aimed at restoring rule to the Japanese Emperor. The latter adopted the reign name Meiji or enlightened rule. As such, the Meiji Restoration proved to be a fundamental revolution (Asia for Educators, Columbia University). Consequently, Japan underwent a transition to a capitalist production system from a pre-capitalist mode, without experiencing a social revolution. The Nipponese example demonstrated that the restructuring of social relations of production, during the shift from a feudal to a capitalist system did not necessitate the active political participation of the lower classes (Barker). However, as shown by several scholars, social revolution is not an essential

AD campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AD campaign - Essay Example These reports are majorly based and founded typically on psychological insights. A real campaign regularly assists brands in avoid commoditization the pressure of competing with the only the only price. Goodwill and loyalty are increased and encouraging buying of across more items within the umbrella brand. Finding of the relevant secret message behind the brand is not easy to be found broadly, and its productions will be done well. The database used in the report is the document-oriented and public domain. The validity found in the assessment of the presented reports revealed that in the campaign, there is a production of the metrics needed by the end user so that the campaign will be well understood (Belch, 2004). In document-oriented database format, the campaigns in most circumstances, store and retrieve their information on the computer. Compared to a relational database, text-oriented has a bigger difference. The encoding of some information that is readable to the user through the sense of English is a central concept of this database. In the other perspective, public domain uses a principal that the information available can be used by anyone in any form and for the user’s desired purpose (Belch, 2004). Complying with relevant rules is a requirement for the proper attribution of the author. Along these reports, there are some disadvantages. The operation of sending out the unidirectional message to the entire audience at the same time through general advertising and sustainability advertising is created. Ability to connect with a consumer and the changes for the response incurred is somehow limited. From this connection inability, generation of feedback relationships and cooperation to the consumers is also disadvantaged. Another challenge faced in these reports is the complexity of the risk message that needs

Power and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power and Politics - Essay Example Since political legitimacy is define as the extent to which citizens regard the state, its institutions, personnel, or policies are morally or acceptable. On their situation it is difficult and somewhat impossible, to acquire legitimacy as to their response since there is no economic growth , no major political parties to lend stability and continuity for their public policy and also there is no dominant leader since Lucien have resigned and gone away leaving them no authority's to enjoy. An opportunity doesn't come always. People's tendency when given an opportunity is to grab it immediately. But in Michaels situation, there is a big confusion, but remember that Michael have the patience , for he waits for this opportunity for about 2 years though not that long, so this is the chance for him. Since he has a stellar brand results and strong track record that might help him gain the position though there is competition between Danielle Harcourt and him. But let him face it. The will to fight for the position is great emblems of braveness that leaders should possess. He must consider his fellows and help his company gain legitimacy under him. What he needs to do must be for the common good. Not only for his personal progressions but same with his people. Michael should take the China opportunity but let us consider the practicality regarding its job location. If he is an origin of New York and lives there with its culture, it's better for him to stay. If he do really w ants to go too to China as his aspiration, he may go and be a settler for time. Michael enters and performs the Elitism power. He will manned a top hierarchy or elite; for he is one of the powerful individuals of high status which enhanced by prestige or salient position within the hierarchy of the power structure constituting him as an elite. 1) He must provide political stability which makes possible of the continuity of public expectation and government performance essential to the political process. 2) He must impose democracy making possible of the meaningful and wide spreads participation of citizens in the definition of public policy. Cultures matters most surviving of Michael in china is basely difficult. Since he is not aware of china's culture and tradition regarding business of people there. Michael must provide the following: (outline) 1) Goal a) improving the business production b) transaction (deals and orders) c) increase sales 2) Controlling the people a) assign task b) improved leadership with them 3) Hire a) high qualitative persons b) Flexible and hardworking individuals 4) Implement a democratic socialism government a) Authoritarian b) Presidential form Bibliography Rodee C. et al. (1983) Introduction to political Science. USA: Mc

Self-Evaluation of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Evaluation of Life - Essay Example The society that I come from places a lot of importance on religion, honour and obedience to the teachings of religion. I live in a society that is characterized by diversity in all aspects of life from religion to cultural and traditional practices. This created a conflict of interest on my part because I wanted to maintain the integrity of my beliefs, and at the same time adapt and thrive in this dynamic new world (Casino, 58). There were significant forces that had an influence on my life, and in retrospect, there were some that were positive while others were negative. It is during this initial transitional period that I was faced with the possibility of losing direction in life when I met a fellow fellow citizen. He had experienced the same predicament I was presently facing, and when he identified with my situation, he endeavoured to help me cope with the situation. He introduced me to other people who had gone through the same experience of identity conflict. Through sharing a bout our experiences in the past and present with each other, I was able to feel better about myself and better equipped to deal with cultural shock. I am eternally thankful to this person for helping me preserve my sense of identity and beliefs of my heritage. There are things in one’s life that hold meaning, in the sense that they represent, to them core elements that are part of self and their identity. I come from a society that has excellent pride in the breed of horses that are bred and reared, by the people.

Criminal Justice in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal Justice in the US - Essay Example Legal scholars, as well as criminologists in other developed nations, state that they are puzzled and shocked by the length and number of American prison terms. The U.S. has, for example, 2 million lawbreakers in prisons, more than any other country. This is in line with the information given out at King's College in England by the International Center for Prison Research. China follows with 1.6 million individuals in prison, but the country is four times more populous than America. That figure leaves out thousands of individuals held in administrative custody (Liptak, 2008). Most of these individuals are held up in China's extrajudicial scheme of re-education by labor. The system also isolates political activists who have not committed any offense. San Marino is at the ending of the lengthy list of 218 nations gathered by the center. The country has a population of about 30,000 people. San Marino, however, has only one inmate. The U.S. leads in the list of prison studies center. The country is ranked first in order of the imprisonment rates. America has 700 individuals in jail or prison for every 100,000 in population. If people count only grownups, then the finding would be that one in every 100 American citizens is in prison (Liptak, 2008). The only other key developed country that even comes close to America is Russia. Russia has 627 inmates for every 100,000 individuals. The other countries have much lower rates. Germany's is 70, England's rate is 140 and Japan's is 50. These rates are all out of 100,000. The median among all countries circulates at 125. 125 is roughly a fifth of the American rate. There is little inquiry that the high imprisonment rate in America has assisted to cut down crime. There is, however, the debate regarding how much the rates have eased crime. Legal experts and criminologists abroad and in the country point out certain factors to explain America's astonishing imprisonment rate. These factors are harsh sentencing regulations, hig h levels of brutal crimes, a special fervor in fighting illegal drugs, a heritage of racial disorders and the lack of a social safety net.  

A Strong Corporate Image Business Essay

A Strong Corporate Image Business Essay Abstract For a variety of reasons, both academic and business interests in corporate image have increased significantly in recent years. Organizations have realized that a strong corporate image can help them align with the marketplace, attract investment, motivate employees and serve as a means to differentiate their products and services. Thus, many organizations are striving to develop a distinct and recognizable image. This paper investigates what organizations perceive as the essential components of the concept of corporate image and issue advertising. It proposes a general concept about the organization belong to 21st century are more focused towards the betterment of societal and environment. A detail analysis has been performed related to the companys assessment regarding to the carbon emission in relation with the consumer perspective and the importance of social advertising. A corporate image is the strongest determinant of any corporations sustainability. Stock prices can always co me back. Business strategies can always be changed but, when an organizations image is gravely injured, its really difficult, long-term, and uncertain. A risk to its image is a threat to the survival of the enterprise. Leaders who have built a strong image know what it takes: an internal culture that forges a positive opinion of the company by successfully coping with both expected and unanticipated challenges. They know that PR is not a bandage that will cover risky behavior. Most of all, they know they must understand their stakeholders, and that every companys solution must be unique. A companys approach must include structured engagement with investors, regulators, activist organizations, communities, and the media. The primary feature of this engagement is active listening. It provides a means for developing a trained intelligence that enables leaders to anticipate external responses to their actions. And, when necessary, it delivers a perspective that helps protect them from t he kind of competition-driven excesses that seem to arise so easily in our pressurized market environment. Failure to build a culture of attentive engagement can prove devastating, and the world has witnessed spectacular reputational collapses over recent years. Enron and WorldCom are the best known, but, at bottom, these are simple cases of thievery and fraud. An admonition not to steal would be lost on those who are striving to be creatively criminal. Of far greater interest to the great majority of CEOs, and more instructive of the dangers that can lurk in any corporations DNA, are the reputational compromises that have occurred at such companies as Merck, Marsh McLennan, Arthur Andersen, and Monsanto. Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Purpose: 3 Format 3 Essential components of corporate image HYPERLINK #__RefHeading__52079_896431004HYPERLINK #__RefHeading__52079_896431004 issue advertising 4 Corporate Communications 6 Corporate design 6 Corporate Culture 6 Behavior 7 Corporate structure 7 Corporate strategy 7 Steps in building corporate image 9 Top management involvement: 9 Select appropriate Model 9 Involvement of Stakeholders 9 Motivate employees to become corporate representative 9 Communication tactic 9 References 10 Introduction Purpose: The image of organization, as of the viewpoint of customers, is the basis of a high-quality corporate image building program. Effective image management surrounding brand traits is of dominant importance in achieving goals of the organization. Social advertising effectiveness can be calculated by marketing evaluations. The rationale of this paper is to analyze the strategies of effective corporate image, edifice and supervision the same with indication to acquiring maximum customer value for long-run organization gains. Format The paper reviews the literature on the corporate image building and develops arguments in reference to the corporate image and issue advertising. The debate in the paper is emphatically extended over how companies are assessing carbon consciousness among consumers, issue advertising, media impact on corporate image and environmental knowledge. This paper also discusses the essential components of corporate image and issue advertising, process that builds corporate image through media communication and stakeholders involvement. Essential components of corporate image issue advertising The essential components of corporate image and issue advertising are as follows: Corporate Communications Controlled corporate communication Uncontrolled communication Indirect communication Corporate Design Corporate visual identity system Application of CVIS Corporate Culture Corporate philosophy Corporate values Corporate mission Corporate Principles Corporate guidelines Corporate History Founder of the company Country of origin Subculture Behaviour Employee Behaviour Management Behavior Corporate Structure Brand Structure Organization Structure Corporate Strategy Differentiation Strategy Positioning Strategy Corporate Communications Elif Karaosmanoglu, [2005] corporate communication is a term that encompasses all the ways in which the organization communicates with its various stakeholders. Thus, all of the messages emanating from an organization, everything that it produces and all of the activities it is involved in will act to shape stakeholders perceptions. Corporate communication can be both controlled and uncontrolled in nature. Communication intentionally instigated by management with the aim of improving stakeholder relationships is classified as controlled corporate communication. Conversely, uncontrolled communication takes place when organizations influence stakeholders perceptions unintentionally. Corporate design Corporate design is a term used to describe the vast number of visual cues that are associated with a specific organization. Corporate visual identity system (CVIS) is composed of five main elements: the organizations name, slogan, logotype/symbol, color and typography. Visual identity can be conveyed in other ways, for example, through the companies products and vehicles and the location as well as the architecture of its buildings. The interior office design, for example, may symbolize many aspects of the corporate culture. Simà µes, Dibb Fisk, (2005), The creation of strong corporate identity, including identity signs, is crucial for companies to encourage positive attitudes in its different target publics and may provide an important competitive advantage . Corporate Culture T.C. Melewar [2005] there is a plethora of different views as to what constitutes corporate culture. Some argue that it is strongly associated with rituals, for example, one interviewee explicit stated that culture: . . . is the way we do things around here. There is a range of views concerning the relationship between corporate culture and corporate identity. Culture epitomizes the consensus within a company about how activities should be accomplished and is conceived as a result of a groups shared experience and learning with respect to matters of external adaptation and internal integration. Behavior Behavior is another fairly intangible aspect of corporate identity. However, an analysis is made easier by breaking it down into a number of elements that make up behavior including, corporate, employee and management behavior. Many commentators suggest that the actions of a corporation are a fundamental element of its identity. Albert and Whetten [2003], asserted that an organizations brand identity should achieve three things: capture the essence of the organization, distinguish the organization from others and exhibit the same degree of commitment in behavior over time. Corporate structure Corporate structure consists of organizational structure and branding structure and is cited by several authors as being a fundamental component of corporate image. Brand structure: organizations engage in branding strategies in order to differentiate themselves from competitors. Strong brands are fundamental in establishing an identity in the marketplace, strengthening customer loyalty and for many companies are vital in counteracting the growing power of retailers. Organizational structure: The organizational structure is associated with the organizational hierarchy, lines of communication and reporting responsibilities. Of greatest importance is the degree of centralization and decentralization, in terms of both geography and across products Corporate strategy Corporate strategy is the blueprint of the firms fundamental objectives and strategies for competing in their given market. It thus determines what the company produces, the level of profit made and stakeholder perceptions about the company. Many commentators suggest that a strong link exists between corporate strategy and corporate image. Price Water House Coopers [2003] non financial performance is more important than current financial results in creating long term share holder value. Non-financial results sometimes are more important in developing a overall corporate image for example developing a process that will generate less CO2 emission as compare to old processes. Steps in building corporate image Top management involvement: Every branding strategy begins from the board room. Top management involvement helps organization in building strong corporate image. Corporate image is totally a strategic decision taken by the senior management of organization. Select appropriate Model Business Model is the spine of branding strategy. So, it is significant to choose the best replica for your business or put up your own. Because each business has its own wants and working background, therefore, it is best to construct a model which is aligned with the company needs and values Involvement of Stakeholders Stake holders are ones who are directly affected with the organization decision, company should take them in to confidence and involve them in decision making. Initiate activities resulting in the betterment of share holders. Motivate employees to become corporate representative Provide proper knowledge to employees for, e.g., vision, mission, values, and work culture. They can be the best representative of your organization. Educate them about the goals and future aims of the organization. Communication tactic Communication tactic is of prime importance when it comes to create strong brand image. A well planned and defined marketing strategy is helpful in understanding customers needs, helps is identifying issues need to be advertised in order to build strong brand image.

Security models

Security models EXECUTIVE SUMMARY One of the most essential part of securing access to data, information, security, as well as computer organization is by having security policy. A computer security policy consist of a clearly defined and precise set of rules, for determining authorization as a basis for making access control decisions. A security policy captures the security requirements of an establishment or describes the steps that have to be taken to achieve the desired level of security. A security policy is typically stated in terms of subjects and objects, given the desired subject and object there must be a set of rules that are used by the system to determine whether a given subject can be given access to a specific object. A security model is a formal or an informal way of capturing such policies. Security models are an important concept in the design of a system. The implementation of the system is then based on the desired security model. In particular, security models are used to test a particular policy for completeness and consistency document a policy help conceptualize and design an implementation check whether an implementation meets its requirements We assume that some access control policy dictates whether a given user can access a particular object. We also assume that this policy is established outside any model. That is, a policy decision determines whether a specific user should have access to a specific object; the model is only a mechanism that enforces that policy. Thus, we begin studying models by considering simple ways to control access by one user. In this paper, we would briefly explain about two main security models that have already known and been used in securing a system. The two of them are BIBA and Bell La-Padula. Basically this two known system have been used widely in the world and it is essential for us as security technology students to understand and implement it in the future system. We highly hope that this paper can help the student to understand the security policy that being implemented by the BIBA and Bell La-Padula model. CATEGORY OF SECURITY MODELS Biba Model The Biba integrity model was published in 1977 at the Mitre Corporation, one year after the Bell La-Padula model (Cohen ). As stated before, the Bell La-Padula models guarantees confidentiality of data but not its integrity. As a result, Biba created a model use address to enforcing integrity in a computer system. The Biba model proposed a group of integrity policies that can be used. So, the Biba model is actually family of different integrity policies. Each of the policies uses different conditions to ensure information integrity (Castano). The Biba model, in turn, uses both discretionary and nondiscretionary policies. The Biba model uses labels to give integrity levels to the subjects and objects. The data marked with a high level of integrity will be more accurate and reliable than data labeled with a low integrity level. The integrity level use to prohibit the modification of data. Access Modes The Biba Model consists of group access modes. The access modes are similar to those used in other models, although they may use different terms to define them. The access modes that the Biba model supports are: Modify: allows a subject to write to an object. This mode is similar to the write mode in other models. Observe: allows a subject to read an object. This command is synonyms with the read command of other models. Invoke: allows a subject to communicate with another subject. Execute: allows a subject to execute an object. The command essentially allows a subject to execute a program which is the object Policies Supported by the Biba Model The Biba model can be divided into two types of policies, those that are mandatory and those that are discretionary. Mandatory Policies: Strict Integrity Policy Low-Water-Mark Policy for Subjects Low-Water-Mark Policy for Objects Low-Water-Mark Integrity Audit Policy Ring Policy Discretionary Policies: Access Control Lists Object Hierarchy Ring Mandatory Biba Policies The Strict Integrity Policy is the first part of the Biba model. The policy states:  § Simple Integrity Condition: s ∈ S can observe o∈ O if and only if i(s) ≠¤ i(o).  § Integrity Star Property: s ∈ S can modify to o∈ O if and only if i(o) ≠¤ i(s).  § Invocation Property: sâ‚  ∈ S can invoke sâ‚‚ ∈ S if and only if i(sâ‚‚ ) ≠¤ i(sâ‚  ). The first part of the policy is known as the simple integrity property. The property states that a subject may observe an object only if the integrity level of the subject is less than the integrity level of the object. The second rule of the strict integrity property is the integrity star property. This property states that a subject can write to an object only if the objects integrity level is less than or equal to the subjects level. This rule prevents a subject from writing to a more trusted object. The last rule is the invocation property, which states that a subject sâ‚  can only invoke another subject sâ‚‚, if sâ‚‚ has a lower integrity level than sâ‚ . The strict integrity policy enforces â€Å"no write-up† and â€Å"no read-down† on the data in the system, which is a subject, is only allowed to modify data at their level or a low level. The â€Å"no write up† is essential since it limits the damage that can be done by malicious objects in the system. On the other hand, the â€Å"no read down† prevents a trusted subject from being contaminated by a less trusted object. Specifically, the strict integrity property restricts the reading of lower level objects which may be too restrictive in some cases. To combat this problem, Biba devised a number of dynamic integrity polices that would allow trusted subjects access to an un-trusted objects or subjects. Biba implemented these in a number of different low-water mark policies. The low-watermark policy for subjects is the second part of the Biba model. The policy states:  § Integrity Star Property: s ∈ S can modify o∈ O if and only if i(o) ≠¤ i(s).  § If s ∈ S examines o ∈ O the i†² (s) = min(i(s),i(o)), where i†² (s) is the subjects integrity level after the read.  § Invocation Property: sâ‚ Ã¢Ë†Ë† S can invoke sâ‚‚ ∈ S if and only if i(sâ‚‚ ) ≠¤ i(sâ‚  ). The low-watermark policy for subjects is a dynamic policy because it lowers the integrity level of a subject based on the observations of objects. This policy is not without its problems. One problem with this policy is if a subject observes a lower integrity object it will drop the subjects integrity level. Then, if the subject needs to legitimately observe another object it may not be able to do so because the subjects integrity level has been lowered. Depending on the times of read requests by the subject, to observe the objects, a denial of service could develop. The low-watermark policy for objects is the third part of the Biba model. This policy is similar to the low-watermark policy for subject. The policy states:  § s ∈ S can modify any o ∈ O regardless of integrity level.  § If s ∈ S observe o ∈ O the i†² (o) = min(i(s),i(o)), where i†² (o) is the objects integrity level after it is modified. This policy allows any subject to modify any object. The objects integrity level is then lowered if the subjects integrity level is less than the objects. This policy is also dynamic because the integrity levels of the objects in the system are changed based on what subjects modify them. This policy does nothing to prevent an un-trusted subject from modifying a trusted object. The policy provides no real protection in a system, but lowers the trust placed in the objects. If a malicious program was inserted into the computer system, it could modify any object in the system. The result would be to lower the integrity level of the infected object. It is possible with this policy that, overtime; there will be no more trusted objects in the system because their integrity level has been lowered by subjects modifying them. The low-watermark integrity audit policy is the fourth mandatory policy under the Biba model. The policy states:  § s ∈ S can modify any o ∈ O , regardless of integrity levels.  § If a subject modifies a higher level object the transaction is recorded in an audit log. The low-watermark integrity audit policy simply records that an improper modification has taken place. The audit log must then be examined to determine the cause of the improper modification. The drawback to this policy is that it does nothing to prevent an improper modification of an object to occur. The Ring Policy is the last mandatory policy in the Biba Model. This policy is not dynamic like the first three policies. Integrity labels used for the ring policy are fixed, similar to those in the strict integrity policy. The Ring Policy states:  § Any subject can observe any object, regardless of integrity levels.  § Integrity Star Property: s ∈ S can modify o∈ O if and only if i(o) ≠¤ i(s).  § Invocation Property: sâ‚  ∈ S can invoke sâ‚‚ ∈ S if and only if i(sâ‚‚ ) ≠¤ i(sâ‚ ). The ring policy is not perfect; it allows improper modifications to take place. A subject can read a low level subject, and then modifies the data observed at its integrity level (Castano). Advantages Disadvantages Advantages: Ø Easy to implement So, It is no harder to implement the strict integrity policy. Ø Provides a number of different policies If the strict integrity property is too restricting, one of the dynamic policies could be used in its place. Disadvantages: Ø The model does nothing to enforce confidentiality. Ø The Biba model does not support the granting and revocation of authorization. Ø This model is selecting the right policy to implement. Bell La-Padula Model The Bell La-Padula model is a classical model used to define access control. The model is based on a military-style classification system (Bishop). With a military model, the sole goal is to prevent information from being leaked to those who are not privileged to access the information. The Bell La-Padula was developed at the Mitre Corporation, a government funded organization, in the 1970s (Cohen). The Bell La-Padula is an information flow security model because it prevents information to flow from a higher security level to a lower security level. The Bell La-Padula model is based around two main rules: the simple security property and the star property. The simple security property states that a subject can read an object if the object is classification is less than or equal to the subjects clearance level. The simple security property prevents subjects from reading more privileged data. The star property states that a subject can write to an object, if the subjects clearance level is less than or equal to the objects classification level. What the star property essentially does is it prevents the 2 lowering of the classification level of an object. The properties of the Bell La-Padula model are commonly referred to as â€Å"no read up† and â€Å"no write down†, respectively. The Bell La-Padula model is not flawless. Specifically, the model does not deal with the integrity of data. It is possible for a lower level subject to write to a higher classified object. Because of these short comings, the Biba model was created. The Biba model in turn is deeply rooted in the Bell La-Padula model. There is a slightly embellished Mealy-type automaton as our model for computer systems. That is, a system (or machine) M is composed of  § a set S of states, with an initial state s0 2 S,  § a set U of users (or subjects in security parlance),  § a set C of commands (or operations), and  § a set O of outputs, Together with the functions next and out:  § next: S Ãâ€" U Ãâ€" C → S  § out: S Ãâ€" U Ãâ€" C → O Pairs of the form (u, c) 2 U Ãâ€" C are called actions. We derive a function next*: Ø Next*: S Ãâ€" (U Ãâ€" C)* → S (The natural extension of next to sequences of actions) by the equations Ø Next*(s, Λ) = s, and Ø Next*(s, ÃŽ ± ââ€" ¦ (u, c)) = next (next*(s, ÃŽ ±), u, c), Where Λ denotes the empty string and ââ€" ¦ denotes string concatenation. Based on these two primitive types of access, four more elaborate ones can be constructed. These are known as w, r, a, and e access, respectively: w : write access permits both observation and alteration, r : read access permits observation but not alteration, a : append access permits alteration, but not observation, and e : execute access permits neither observation nor alteration. In order to model formally this internal structure of the system state we introduce a set N of object names, a set V of object values, the set A = {w, r, a, e} of access types, And also the functions contents and current-access-set: contents: S Ãâ€" N → V , current-access-set: S → P(U Ãâ€" N Ãâ€" A) (where P denotes power set) with the interpretation that contents(s, n) returns the value of object n in state s, while current-access-set(s) returns the set of all triples (u, n, x) such that subject u has access type x to object n in state s. Observe that contents captures the idea of the value state, while current-access-set embodies the protection state of the system. Thus, we introduce functions alter, and observe: alter : S → P(U Ãâ€" N), and observe : S → P(U Ãâ€" N) with the definitions: observe(s) def = {(u, n) | (u, n,w) or (u, n, r) Є current-access-set(s)}, and alter(s) def = {(u, n) | (u, n,w) or (u, n, a) Є current-access-set(s)}. That is, observe(s) returns the set of all subject-object pairs (u, n) for which subject u has observation rights to object n in state s, while alter (s) returns the set of all pairs for which subject u has alteration rights to object n in state s. Definitions of Bell La-Padula Definition 1 (Simple Security Property) A state s Є S satisfies the simple security property if Є N: Ø (u, n) Є observe(s) clearance (u) ≠¥ classification(s, n). A rule r is ss-property-preserving if next(s, u, r) satisfies the ss-property whenever s does. Definition 2 (*-property) Let T U denote the set of trusted subjects. A state s Є S satisfies the *-property if, for all un-trusted subjects u Є UT (we use to denote set difference) and objects n Є N: Ø (u, n) Є alter(s) âŠÆ' classification(s, n) âŠÆ' current-level(s, u), and Ø (u, n) Є observe(s) current-level(s, u) âŠÆ' classification(s, n). A rule r is *-property-preserving if next(s, u, r) satisfies the *-property whenever s does. Note that it follows from these definitions that: Ø (u, n, a) Є current-access-set(s)current-level(s, u), Ø (u, n, r) Є current-access-set(s) classification(s, n), And Ø (u, n,w) Є current-access-set(s) classification(s, n) = current-level(s, u). Also, as a simple consequence of the transitivity of ≠¥, if a state s satisfies the *-property and u is an un-trusted subject with alteration rights to object n1 and observation rights to object n2 (in state s), then Ø classification(s, n1) ≠¥ classification(s, n2). The original formulation of the *- property was somewhat different than that given above in that it did not employ the notion of a subjects current-level. The formulation of the *-property given in [1, Volume II] is, u Є TU, and m, n Є N: Ø (u,m) Є observe(s) ^ (u, n) Є alter(s) âŠÆ' classification(s, n) âŠÆ' classification(s,m). Definition 3 (Security) A state is secure if it satisfies both the simple security property and the *-property. A rule r is security-preserving if next(s, u, r) is secure whenever s is. We say that a state s is reachable if Ø s = next*(s0, ÃŽ ±) for some action sequence ÃŽ ± Є (U Ãâ€" C)*. A system satisfies the simple security property if every reachable state satisfies the simple security property. A system satisfies the *-property if every reachable state satisfies the *-property. A system is secure if every reachable state is secure. Applications of Bell La-Padula Bell and La Padula demonstrated the application of their security model by using the results of the previous section to establish the security of a representative class of 11 rules. These rules were chosen to model those found in the Multics system. 1. Get-Read (rule 1 of [2]) A subject u may call the rule get-read(n) in order to acquire read access to the object n. The rule checks that the following conditions are satisfied. clearance (u) ≠¥ classification(s, n) If u is not a trusted subject (i.e., u Є UT), then o current-level(s, u) ≠¥ classification(s, n) If both these conditions are satisfied, the rule modifies the protection state by setting  § current-access-set(s0) = current-access-set(s) {(u, n, r)}, where s0 denotes the new system state following execution of the rule. Otherwise, the system state is not modified. The security of get-read follows directly from Corollary 9. 2. Get-Append, Get-Execute, Get-Write (rules 2 to 4 of [2]) These are analogous to get-read. 3. Release-Read (rule 5 of [2]) A subject u may call the rule release-read(n) in order to release its read access right to the object n. No checks are made by the rule, which simply modifies the protection state by setting  § current-access-set(s0) = current-access-set(s){(u, n, r)}, where s0 denotes the new system state following execution of the rule. The security of release read follows directly from Theorem 10. 4. Release-Execute, Release-Append, Release-Write (rule 5 of [2]) These are analogous to release-read. 5. Change-Subject-Current-Security-Level (rule 10 of [2]) A subject u may call Change-Subject-Current-Security-Level(l) in order to request that its current-level be changed to l. The rule checks that the following conditions are satisfied. clearance(u) ≠¥ l (i.e., a subjects current-level may not exceed its clearance). If u is an un-trusted subject (i.e., u Є UT) then assigning l as the current level of u must not cause the resulting state to violate the *-property—i.e.,n Є N:  § (u, n) Є alter(s) âŠÆ' classification(s, n) ≠¥ l, and  § (u, n) Є observe(s) âŠÆ' l ≠¥ classification(s, n). If both these conditions are satisfied, the rule modifies the system state by settingcurrent-level (s0, u) = l, where s0 denotes the new system state following execution of the rule. Otherwise, the system state is not modified. 6. Change-Object-Security-Level (rule 11 of [2]) A subject u may call Change-Object-Security-Level(n, l) in order to request that the classification of object n be changed to l. The rule checks that the following conditions are satisfied. current-level(s, u) ≠¥ classification(s, n) (i.e., no subject may change the classification of an object which is currently classified above its own level). If u is an un-trusted subject (i.e., u Є UT), then current-level(s, u) ≠¥ l and l ≠¥ classification(s, n), o (i.e., untrusted subjects may not â€Å"downgrade† the classification of an object). v Є U, (v, n) 2 observe(s) âŠÆ' current-level(s, v) ≠¥ l (i.e., if any subject has observation rights to the object n, then the current level of that subject must dominate the new classification of n). Assigning l as the classification of n must not cause the resulting state to violate the *-property. If these conditions are satisfied, the rule modifies the system state by setting classification (s0, n) = l, where s0 denotes the new system state following execution of the rule. Otherwise, the system state is not modified. There are several limitations of BLP: Restricted to confidentiality No policies for changing access rights; a general and complete downgrade is secure; BLP is intended for systems with static security levels. BLP contains covert channels: a low subject can detect the existence of high objects when it is denied access. Sometimes, it is not sufficient to hide only the contents of objects. Also their existence may have to be hidden.

The Challenge :: Progressivism Education Teaching Essays

The Challenge â€Å"Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theatre.† (Gail Godwin) This statement can be proven time and time again in the classroom. Students can only learn so much sitting in their seats. Making the lesson into an adventure, letting students discover things on their own, hands-on, lets students feel that they have a part in what they get to learn and can grasp concepts better. Having this perception is almost essential in today’s classroom. Students are made to be in school for almost eight hours a day. To make the classroom fun lets students get the extra boost of energy they need. Running a classroom like this way a great example of how a Progressivist would do so. I want my classroom to be full of progressivism. Children should be given the chance to explore, develop opinions, and have extraordinarily unique personalities without one test determining the student’s knowledge. My philosophy is that education should be offered to students in the way that they learn best, whether it be through bookwork, group work, or presentations that not only will help them learn now, but also with everything they do. Education is a right and a gift that should be handled with care. Being a teacher is one of my main goals because if you cannot have fun within the learning process, and create an appetite for further knowledge, then students will never retain what they learn, nor want to. I want to have brightly painted walls that will create open-mindedness with educational murals, relating to the content area of the grade level I teach, to decorate the room. I want to have students arranged in groups to help each other learn. Students will be able to take part in the rule making process and the technique of learning in my classroom. If a student cannot learn under certain conditions, they should not be made to do so. The role of the teacher isn’t to stand in front of the room and dictate material. I feel that I should influence the growth of my students by controlling the environment in which the growth takes place, rather than pounding bits of information into their heads (Sadker and Sadker pp96-97).

A Comparison of Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray Essay -- Wildre Dorain Gra

A Comparison of Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray      Ã‚   One novel that stands out as literary masterpiece is The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Wilde wrote a dark tale of a man, Dorian Gray, who destroys his life by exchanging his soul for eternal youth and beauty. The character of Dorian Gray, in many aspects, mirrors the self-destruction of the author's own life. Therefore, Oscar Wilde portrays his own life through Dorian Gray, the main character of the novel. Oscar Fingal O' Flahertie Wills Wilde is one of Birtain's most well known authors. What many people do not know is that "the life story of Oscar Wilde has become...one of the tragic legends of the ages" (Broad v). Wilde was born in 1854 in Dublin, Ireland to Sir William Wilde, a distinguished surgeon specializing in opthalmology, and Lady Wilde, a poet who ran a literary salon in Dublin. Being an excellent student, he won a scholarship to Magdalen College, Oxford in 1874. Wilde soon adopted his parents' talents for ostentation always dressing flamboyantly and speaking in a wry, ironic matter when pertaining to subjects that he held in distaste. He graduated with honors and became a very distinguished man, but even his high stature could not prevent him from the tragedies of life. The Picture of Dorian Gray "is very much the author's autobiography" (Belford 170). In 1883, after he moved to London, he married Constance Mary Lloyd and had two sons. Wilde is thought to have married Const ance "in order to quell rumors about his possible homosexuality, as well as to provide him with a regular income" (Holland 113) because it was not looked upon kindly in England in the 1800's if one was a homosexual. In 1891, The Picture of Dorian Gray was published in book form, and ... ...lde and Dorian are homosexual and find pleasure in being with men. Wilde greatly reflects his life and tells his own life story through one of his most well known and controversial novels of all time The Picture of Dorian Gray.    Works Cited Belford, Barbara. Oscar Wilde. New York; Random House, 2000 Broad, Lewis. The friendships and Follies of Oscar Wilde. New York; Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1954. Ericksen, Donald. Oscar Wilde . Boston; G. K. Hall & Co., 1977 Holland, Merlin. The Wilde Album. New York; Henry Holt and Company, 1997. Hyde, H Montgomery. Oscar Wilde/ The Aftermath. New York; Farrar, Straus & Co. , 1963 Pearson, Hesketh. Oscar Wilde: His Life and Wit. New York; Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1946 "Pink Monkey.' www.pinkmonkey.com 15 Jan. 2001 Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. New York; Random House, 1956.

Warning: This Is a Rights-Free Workplace

The article states about the economic factor in America. It sensitizes on the justice the workers in America should be given. The article talks about how the workers in America are treated with injustice. This is shown well when the article starts by, â€Å"If the laws of economics were enforced as strictly as the laws of physics, America would be a workers' paradise. † Visit the article in this link: http://www. barbaraehrenreich. com/workersrights. htm. Employee Rights in the Workplace The idea of employee rights involves many complex issues.An employee’s right to a workplace free of discrimination and harmful environmental factors is obvious. Yet, other issues surrounding privacy, personal expression, and communication monitoring are not as clear-cut. While employees may feel that they have the right to express their opinions and use business communications while working, not only may they be fooling themselves but they are acting in a way that is unethical. While bu sinesses do not have the right to control employee behaviors outside of the workplace, they do have the right to monitor and control communications and employee actions during paid time.As such, employees have the right to reasonable expectations in terms of communication, yet cannot (within limits) ethically demand a right to privacy, private communication, or personal expression while they are utilizing business property or on business time. Workplace privacy has been a hot issue in the last decade, as more and more workplaces incorporate email and Internet-use into the office environment. Many employees now use email and the Internet daily, not to mention the telephone (Nord, McCubbins, & Nord, 2006).With high volumes of communicatio employee privacy rights in the workplace Introduction Often the issues regarding privacy rights in the workplace focuses on employee rights to privacy in the workplace . Most advocacies support employee rights and criticize the efforts of companies t o monitor employees . However , despite the importance to protect every employee ‘s privacy , there should be a realization that Whether or not privacy is protected by law or contract , fostering a workplace culture where privacy is valued and espected contributes to morale and mutual trust and makes good business sense . Thus , privacy is not limited to rights but also entails employees ‘ responsibility to ensure that it is never abused and is not to the determent of the company ( Privacy in the Workplace , 2005 Challenges for Employers Employers have the right and responsibility to monitor their place of business to protect themselves and their employees from invasion . The irony is that this can only be possible if an employer is able to monitor communications and exchanges .Therefore , for a company to be able to afford the protection that employees need , they must surrender in trust their privacy to the company As much as a company should not invade the rights of i ts employees , it has the equal responsibility of ensuring that its privacy and that of its employees are not divulged or used in any personal intent by other employees . According to Nyman (2005 , more companies are being held accountable by employees whose privacy was compromised in the workplace because of what is seen as a lack in its measures to ensure their privacy .Therefore , if employers are being held accountable for such situations , Nyman believes that they should be given enough power to protect themselves from such liabilities An example given by Nyman is the case between Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA ) and Integrated Information Systems (IIS The allegation was that the latter allowed its employees to infringe the copyrights of MP3 s that the employees shared over the company ‘s networks . The settlement of the suit with RIAA cost IIS a million dollars .Aside from the settlement , the company also faced a public relations issue regarding the all eged sharing : IIS main service is electronic transmission of copyrighted material It would be safe to assume that the employees were aware of the issues regarding sharing and despite the IIS did not allow for the behavior , the fact that it did occur cast liability over the company The issue is not so much as an issue of whether the company was responsible for the sharing of the s but rather that it happened over its network Security RealitiesTechnology has afforded the transfer of a significant amount of information over the wires and with that has increased the risk that not just sensitive data or even whole databases and programs can easily be transferred in that manner . At the same time , other technologies in imaging have also increased the channels by which a person ‘s privacy can be compromised . From the perspective of employees , this has allowed for†¦If the laws of economics were enforced as strictly as the laws of physics, America would be a workers' paradise . The supply of most kinds of labor is low, relative to the demand, so each worker should be treated as a cherished asset, right? But there have been only grudging gains in wages over the last few years, and in the realm of dignity and autonomy, a palpable decline.What we need is nothing less than a new civil rights movement — this time, for American workers. Who will provide the leadership remains to be seen, but clearly the stakes go way beyond â€Å"labor issues,† as these are conventionally defined. We can hardly call ourselves the world's pre-eminent democracy if large numbers of citizens spend half of their waking hours in what amounts, in plain terms, to a dictatorship.

Internal and external forces that impact organizational behavior Essay

Most organizations have a focus on where they are going to be in a given time, this is often known as strategic planning. The organization’s mission covers various areas of interest including the service expected as well as the upkeep of the organization to attract potential customers. It is known to most companies where they are going; often all employees can view and read the philosophy of the mission statement, it is also placed in an area easily accessible for that purpose. A mission statement also leads to the vision of the corporation, more on a long-term basis thus, providing a pathway by doing marketing research in the market of interest. To keep ahead of the competition the mission must be implemented as well as trying new methods of operation. The vision must be able to measure with the value of the organizational operation in specific areas of interest such as customer service and employee relations. As mentioned earlier these areas can be measured via surveys, this will allow areas, which need improvement to be easily corrected. There is an area of interest and it is the value of the organization’s mission. Without the vision and value, the organization lacks foundation. The value counts for how much this organization is to each individual, whether customers or employees. The level of care and interest; as well as, input and output to get the correct value for the improvement of the organization. Organizational behavior is described as the study of group or individual dynamics within an organizational environment (Wikipedia, 2004). A company’s work environment is created and produced by the groups or the individual people who work within it. Employees often find themselves conforming to their ever changing environment. The economics of the world has a significant influence on both the modern business and the organizational behavior of that business. For any company to be successful, it is crucial to understand the elements that can affect the economy that supports its business. The economy can be affected by many different kinds of issues or measurements, like the interest rate, inflation rate, and employment rates. The businesses of the twenty first century face the trials of functioning in a global or multinational market. Each business will labor intensely to locate the markets in the world that offer the best  services for the least costly prices. These same companies know that worldwide events will affect all businesses. On the other side of the economy, there are the companies that offer services and products, which struggle to achieve the premium positions in the market. They are willing to transform and change their organization to meet the challenges of the changing marketplace. The organizational changes are often initiated from the top and trickled down through the ranks. The changes can range from the way selections are fulfilled to decisions made. Jobs are often redefined. People employed for these restructuring businesses can find this to be painful, but necessary for their company to succeed (Randolph & Sashkin,2002). Companies that are negatively affected by the economy could show signs of opportunity constraints. This could cause the organizational behavior to change and become less concerned with profits and more focused on surviving or moving on to a more secure location. Listed below are some of the businesses that have changed from the past goods mentality to the modern times of offered services. They have fundamentally revised their businesses from companies that had a foundation in trading merchandise to businesses that now supply services. These services are offered by companies like AOL, Cross Country Group, AT&T, Cox Services, Clarion Hotels, and many more (Lusch et al., 2004). However, these changes in business now bring competition to the table. This can forcefully affect the economy in any country. Many countries offer cheaper labor and tax breaks by offering outsourcing services. Some on the companies mentioned before have already taken advantage of the cost-effective changes, by moving part of their business overseas (Chip shots). In the call center environment today, there is an abundance of competition. The competition lies within the call center itself; in addition, there is rivalry with other call centers. For instance, Tucson happens to have approximately between twenty to twenty-five call centers in the area alone. The call centers compete with each other for the associates, by offering better pay, more flexible schedules, and superior benefits to try to convince people into working for them. People tend to jump from one call  center to another, which may be offering something that the other one is not. They also compete with each other technologically, trying to be up to date with the latest and greatest computer programs, having the best quality and customer service. Call centers also compete for industry awards. Within the call center there can be major competition between departments and employees. Employees compete for, job advancement, call handling time, and quality. Call centers are infamous for offering incentives. Centers are always trying to improve on their statistics and be the best, and the way they do this is by offering the employee incentives to motivate them to perform at the highest possible level. Incentives might range from money bonuses, televisions, DVD players, vacations, and they have actually given away cars. Not only do call centers have incentives monetarily they also like to recognize good performers by giving them awards, thus a big factor of competition ensues. Associates like to see who can get the most awards, best quality certificates or who can get the most pictures on the board. Departments may compete to see who will have the best attendance for the month, or the best attrition rate. Upper management might even challenge the Human Resources department to a friendly game of volleyball, just to keep things lively and motivate even the toughest of management. Customer demands can directly affect organizational behavior in a business. These demands can be stressful and challenging and may create a series of issues that may well lead to harmful affects or end results that could negatively and directly affect an organization. Internal and external forces of customer demands can affect behavior in an organization in several ways. External forces, such as stress in an employee’s personal or home life may cause a series of effects on their quality of work. A demanding or unremitting workload accompanied by inadequate staffing to support a hefty seasonal increase in business, in addition to a person’s distressed personal state of mind, can cause the external and internal affects to collide with one another creating a precarious wind of disarray in the workplace. These combined forces have a real impact and can negatively affect and weigh heavily on an employee;  ultimately affecting the organization. Consumer demands are usually just that- demands. The business of consumer assistance may not always result in supplying what the customer thinks they deserve. Sometimes these demands may be justified; yet, more often than not, these requests are simply unrealistic. Ultimately the end result may be advising a consumer that they have exhausted all requests and will not be receiving what they want or what they think they are entitled to. Worse yet, if they indeed will be receiving what they want, they may not be receiving as expeditiously as they may be insisting upon. These demands and effects on the members of staff can lead to, or include a loss of sleep; consequently, leading to lack of overall productivity, loss of an ability to remain focused on work or the task at hand; hence, leading to mistakes or inadvertent poor judgment. Additionally, the external stressors may cause one to react indifferently or antagonistically toward their co-workers or customers; as a result, generating a negative work atmosphere and unavoidably leading to providing poor customer service, or an overall deficient quality of work. Some Internal forces that might have an influence on organizational behavior could include: an overbearing boss or superior, or a person placed in charge of a group of employees that may not necessarily be an adequate leader. A manager or superior that is inconsistent with the enforcement of policy or discipline amongst employees can be very bad for morale. Workers may notice these types of inconsistencies in an insufficient manager and they may take offense to the preferential treatment given to a select few. When workers are filled to capacity with a constant flow of consumer demands, insufficient staffing, and heavy workload, the result may be inevitable – a less than positive or productive environment producing an overabundance of negative organizational behaviors. Change is the only dependable constant. Methods to produce success are created on a daily basis. In order to maintain success within any  organization it is necessary to research new practices that will accommodate these changes. When the time comes to reorganize a company it is important to make sure the new strategies match the values of the company. It is important that every person at each level of employment understand how their role affects the company. The benefits of reconstructing an organization may not be initially evident; however, the long-term benefits will be realized through the company’s success. The strategies for obtaining success within any organization have changed throughout time. In a call center environment, reconstruction is very frequent. All shareholders of the organization are taken into consideration when these decisions are made. The representatives speaking to the clients are the most valuable assets to the company. It is necessary for the company to offer a competitive benefits package that attracts prospective employees; as well as, provides incentive to retain talent. There are many call centers that need positions to be filled. Matching pay, benefits, and other employee needs with competitive employers is a large task. Once an employee is hired, it then becomes a challenge to maintain that employee’s interest. It is very common for a person to obtain employment in a call center, acquire experience, just to move on to another center. Every position in the company plays an important role in contributing to the company’s success. Surveys are often used to determine the needs of the representatives in order to enhance the company’s performance. The results will assist the upper management with making decisions on how they can make their employees happier, while increasing or maintaining productivity. It is very common for a call center to work in a team environment. These teams usually consist of the front line representatives, team leaders, and supervisors. The front line representatives are the first contact the consumer will encounter. The team leaders are those who exhibit exceptional skills in handling those client’s concerns. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that the people in those positions continue productivity while  supporting the company’s goals. They are many internal and external forces that impact organizational behavior. Reconstructing, organizational mission, economy, competition, and customer demands are examples of the many effects that can move, create, and drive organizational behavior.

Free sample - Decision Making. translation missing

Decision Making. Decision MakingPractically every day people are involved in thinking and making decisions, connected with different aspects of our life. We require decision making every day that is why it is very important not to make the mistake and make the correct decision. The process and result of making decisions depend upon different factors that are very important to take into account. Moreover, the ways of making decisions are also very diverse. For instance, someone make the decisions by flipping a coin, taking a guess, considering the thoughts and feelings of others, thinking about   values and beliefs, pros and cons, complying with an assignment declaration, or choosing a solution that has more positive and less negative consequences. In order to comprehend the decision making process, we should look at precisely what goes in that process and apply it to the situation in a real world.   While making the decision, we should always remember about the consequences and the effects it may have on the other persons surrounding us. When we are able peacefully look at all the reasons we have on both sides of the question, it will frequently become rather obvious which side really is accorded with our principles, what will be the best thing to do. Speaking about me, one of the most important decisions that I had to make in my life was entering a higher educational establishment and choosing the best university for me. In this situation, any person, as usual, faces up with the alternative, between entering university or looking for a job. Choosing a college or university is, probably, one of the most important decisions in life of every person, as it is connected with future of life and success. I had to spend a lot of time while picking up information about all the excising universities in the country and in the nearby districts. While making this decision I had to weight all positive and negative outcomes, results and consequences. In this case, assistance of the relatives can become very helpful, as they can give very useful pieces of advice and forward one’s thoughts in the necessary directions. Surely, this process was not lack of troubles and hesitations. First of all, I hesitated about the costs and price for educ ation and did not will I be able to pay my tuition. Then I decided to enter university in any case, whatever difficult it might be, as education is very important in our life. I have chosen the university that completely satisfied my needs and started working hard over the preparation to the entrance exams. Finally, I entered the university and at the moment, I think that it was one of the most successful decisions in my life. Critical thinking is a very popular and helpful way for making decisions. It involves several strategies. I used them while making my decision. The first standard of critical thinking is setting up the goal and the main objective. My main objective was entering the university and choosing the best variant for me. The main problem that I faced up was the cost of tuition. It was one of the main obstacles for me, but after long reflections made the correct decision. The next part of the critical thinking strategy that I used for making my decision is the collection of the information and data. Therefore, I had to make some investigations about the universities in our country to choose the most appropriate variant for me. Unfortunately, this stage takes quite a great amount of time, but it is necessary, as the most important decisions require time and in-depth thinking. Needless to say, that making the decision s the process that should not be conducted in a hurry, as it influences not o nly your life but the life of your surroundings. Finally, when everything was ready, I tried to evaluate all benefits and disadvantages of my decision, trying to foresee the way it can influence my life. To may mind, this is very important while the decision making process, that is why thinking of the consequences is very significant. Therefore, I think that my skills of critical thinking appeared to be very useful for me.

Where to Start When It Comes to Writing Your First Essay Paper

Where to Start When It Comes to Writing Your First Essay Paper Essay writing, it ain’t no fun. Of course, if you’re writing about something you have a massive passion for then you could enjoy the process of getting lost in the content, but the actual structure and, of course, the deadline, could cause you some problems. Everyone struggles when it comes to writing an essay from time to time, but there are a few tricks to follow, some guidelines if you will, which will help you put together the bones of your outline, which you can then meat out with the content you know inside out – or the content you hopefully know inside out! So, how do you start writing that paper? It’s all about being organized. And a couple of other tricks. So heres what you need to do: Know Your Brief If you go off on a tangent, without truly understanding what the brief is, then you’re onto a losing streak from the very start. It doesn’t matter how good your essay content is, if you don’t answer the question or meet the aims of the essay brief, then you’re going to fail. Understand what you are being asked to do. Make Sure You Understand the Topic You need to read about the topic until you understand it completely. For instance, if you’re being asked to write an English Literature paper about a book, make sure you have read it, because how can you write about a subject you have flaky knowledge of? Research the Hell Out of It Knowing your topic is one thing, but you’re never going to know everything. Research the topic and different viewpoints attached to it. Essays need light and shade, and you need to give different arguments depending on what type of essay it is. Make an Outline for Your Essay Plan your essay, think of it as the skeleton, if that makes sense. You need the outline to give subheadings, so you know what you’re going to write about, and where. This makes the whole writing process easier because it breaks it down into bite-sized chunks, and also makes it easier to read, without being one long ramble that nobody really has time for, not least the person marking your final paper. Write in Sections Once you’ve sorted out your outline, do a section at a time. For instance, write the introduction, spell check it, re-read it, and edit it, before moving onto the next section. This makes the whole writing process much less of a long and drawn out process, because you’re completing a section as you go, and it’s almost like putting a tick in a box – instant feel good. Make a Timetable If you feel like you simply don’t have enough hours in the day, it’s a good idea to organise your time. Draw up a timetable, e.g. on Monday you will write section 1,2,3, and on Tuesday you will write sections 4 and 5, and so on. This means that you have an idea of when your essay will be finished, and you can factor in time in case of unforeseen circumstances. Having a loose timetable is one of the best ways to cut down on stress, as the process won’t seem overwhelming. And if You Need Help †¦ Sometimes things happen in life and it basically throws our plans right up in the air. If this happens to you and you’re halfway through writing an essay, with a looming deadline, it’s a recipe for stress and worry. Equally, if you’re facing a deadline and you don’t have a clue how you’re going to complete the task, there is help at hand. Here at Essay Writing Place, we offer professional and expert essay writing services, be it a persuasive essay, a creative writing essay or some other brief which fits the bill. Our team of native writers are highly trained and knowledgeable, and are on hand to take the task off your hands. Cut out the stress and don’t let it take over your life if this sounds like a situation you’re in, simply hand it over to us! Writing an essay and making it top class in quality isn’t the easiest kind of a task, but with plenty of research and preparation, you can certainly create a paper to wow your lecturer.

Sample Research Paper

Sample Research Paper Students who study in universities, colleges and high schools frequently look for sample research papers to assist them through their course studies.   Unluckily, if the sample research papers are derivative or lifted from some book or website, it brings a blame of plagiarism against the learner.   That is not what any of our customers want.   This is why we present the excellent possible sample research papers to our customers. When looking around for a company to get your sample research paper, make sure that you keep following of the points in your mind: Inquire the company its contacts and address.   If it is unwilling to disclose to you any of these, the company may be a fraud.   It might mean that the company is not a genuine one.   You can ask the company and check out for yourself.   As fraud companies are illegal, they like to stay hidden, and away from where they can be caught.   Therefore, they do not let any contact information reach anyone. Many companies are starting to introduce sample research paper writing services.   This has given a head start to some fraud companies that have started to consume the time of students, along with the money that is received by them in advance for their services.   These fraud companies are known for providing sample research papers that are of incredibly low value and most of the material has been plagiarized. Working with such companies can cause a students grades to drop, and the image to tarnish in the eyes of the teacher.   They have to put up with the humiliation and disgrace of getting caught with plagiarized sample research papers in the class. Many sample research paper-writing companies in general employ writers who do not know the methods of writing good sample research papers, and neither do they know where to find them, or have any sort of academic qualification. The sample research papers put up for downloads are also of horrible quality, and time, and sometimes money, is wasted on these downloads.   As most of the clients are students, and most of the students are inexperienced, they cannot possibly tell right from wrong, so they are frequently caught in the ambush set by fraud companies. Some companies require you to pay in advance.   This, they may tell you, is for security or for the development of trust.   This is, in fact, a favorite way among fraudulent companies to swindle money out of your hands before you realize what is going on.   Stay away from companies that want such securities. Companies that make too many big promises may be pushing you into a well too.   A company that claims to provide a 2000 word research project in two hours, for example, can definitely not be a genuine one.   Also, if you think the behavior of the staff is not good, quit working with that company.   ALWAYS make sure you are safe.