Sleeps Relationship to Learning and Memory Essay

Sleeps Relationship to Learning and Memory - Essay Example On the other hand, during REM, EEG waveforms change associated with increased frequencies. This is where memorable dreams occur. Sleep in mammals is described mainly by inactivity of behavior in conjunction with different electrophysiological changes in the motion of the brain.ii Factors like stress, shifting schedules, and longer work contribute to lack of sleeping time. This results to inefficient performance to workers so companies have allotted rooms for quick naps and other businesses have installed apparatus that will improve the results short-term sleeps. Sara Mednick et al. (2002) describe naps to be short periods of sleep which lasts for one hour maximum and likely to enhance one's attentiveness, efficiency and disposition. These brief periods of rest are suitable for people, who are experiencing sleep deprivations, nightshift schedules, and prolonged periods of driving. Daytime naps also improve psychomotor speed and attainment of short-term memory. However, their relation on previously learned information is not yet established although they are common among people with daily information overload. Mednick et al. (2002) suggest the psychological feeling of 'burnout', which is an amplified irritation and frustration brought by decreasing effectivene ss after a lengthened cognitive effort, is not merely a reflection of mental exhaustion but a need for a worn-out mind to experience restoration during sleep.iii Sleep is the only 2. Sleep to Human beings Especially Sleep is the only way by which one can rejuvenate oneself; a mere rest will not be any good as far as the revitalizing factor of sleep is concerned. In relation with that, studies also show the need for the brain to experience the restorative benefits of sleep, and also restore positive attitude emotionally. Matthew Walker (2009) identifies several roles of sleep in cognitive and emotional brain processes.iv 3. Sleep and Human Memory Firstly, Walker observes the role of sleep in memory processing which focused on the declarative memory. Secondly, he relates the ordered structure of sleep and memory stage evolution with the sleep-dependent plasticity models. Thirdly, he discusses the role of sleep in associate memory processing. Fourth, he touches on the emerging advantage of sleep in emotional brain reactivity. Lastly, he proposes a framework of sleep-dependent affective brain processing which will further explain the implications of mood disorders. Neurological studies have shown stimulating role of sleep in the control of brain function and emotional experience. Walker identifies that modulation of affective networks overnight and emotional experiences happened in the past are capable of affecting the restoration and maintenance of the appropriate connectivity for the next-day reactivity. Lisa Marshall and Jan Born mention the role of short wave sleep or the NREM, in benefiting the hippocampus-dependent declara tive memory, and also the valuable for the procedural aspects of memory. 4. Sleep and creativityCreativity has been defined by Mednik as the forming of associative elements into new combinations which either meet specified requirements or are in some way useful. Many studies also have explained the roll of sleep in the creative problem solving process. Denise Cai et al. find REM to be beneficial in terms of improving the associative network construction. It has also enhanced the incorporation of unassociated information,

History of Modern Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History of Modern Architecture - Essay Example The postmodern structures aimed seeking meaning and expression various architectural techniques, styles, forms. In order to meet with the aims, the postmodern architecture had to reject the strict rules of the modernism movement. On the other hand the modern structures were purely based on a thrifty use of material and other aspects of postmodern architectures like ornamentation, were absent (Curtis, 1987). The functionalism of modernism movement was dull and unattractive. It compelled the postmodern architects to focus on the communicating meaning; therefore, they start quoting historic traditions of architecture and merging it with modern designing creating new meaning. The revival of columns in structures is a common example, widely practiced throughout the world. This revival was to meet the aesthetical need but to fulfill a technological requirement. Similarly, Prairie home concept was based on designing structures that match humanity and the environment. Frank Lloyd Wright was the leader of this movement, and he named this philosophy organic evolution. Prairie house plan is sweeping horizontal lines and wide open floor plans. Furthermore, the concept of Prairie is characterized with central chimney, one-story projection, and numerous small windows. His ‘Falling water’ is considered as the best example of organic architecture (Curtis, 1987). Postmodernist architecture has evolved from modernism, incorporating traditional ways of architecture through modern technology and innovations. Contrary to a formalism of the International Style of modernism, the postmodernist architecture is based traditional wit, ornamental and reference. In other words the formal styles and functional way developed during modernism is replaced by styles, collide, a form is used. Hence, postmodern architecture revitalized the centuries old traditional

Understanding Three Psalms of the Old Testament Essay Example for Free

Understanding Three Psalms of the Old Testament Essay Psalm 78 and Psalm 89 are both referred to as â€Å"maskils. † According to Gordon Churchyard (2004), a maskil may be the name given to verses that teach their readers something of value. The Book of Psalms published by the International Bible Society in the United States, however, explains the word â€Å"maskil† as a literary or musical term (Psalm 78, 1984). The fact remains, though, that every psalm of the Old Testament is unique as a teaching tool of religion. Although neither Psalm 78 nor Psalm 89 have been written by David, and Bible commentators guess that Psalm 132 might have been written by Solomon, the regal heir of King David, all three psalms have an extraordinary message to convey to the believer who may be reminded of the duties of man toward God, and the latter’s promises made to man, through these psalms (Churchyard). Psalm 78 is said to have been written 720 years before the holy birth of Jesus Christ (Churchyard). This maskil of Asaph is a story about the Children of Israel from their experience of slavery under the mighty pharaoh of Egypt until their time under King David, the opposite of the pharaoh in God’s perspective. This psalm is a reminder to the Children of Israel that the God who saved them from the clutches of slavery is ever prepared to rescue them from all troubles, provided that their hearts are loyal to Him, and their spirits are faithful to Him. In the beginning of the psalm, Asaph relates that this reminder is most important for the future generations of Israel, who are expected to be more loyal and faithful to God than were their forefathers. As a matter of fact, their forefathers had proved to be quite disobedient to God. Despite the fact that He showed them miracle after miracle especially at the time of Moses, who was the chosen one of God to lead the Children of Israel out of the clutches of slavery, the Children of Israel expressed doubts in their beliefs about the faithful love of God. Whereas He continued to UNDERSTANDING THREE PSALMS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Page # 2 shower His blessings upon them, they refused to believe in Him with the absolute faithfulness that should have appeared to them as a necessity given the extraordinary miracles they were being made to witness (Psalm 78). The Children of Israel kept on doubting the love and faithfulness of God even though He had, among other things, punished their enemies by turning their water into blood, and had helped out the Children of Israel in the desert by letting springs flow out of a rock. â€Å"In spite of all this, they kept on sinning;† reads the psalm, â€Å"in spite of His wonders, they did not believe. † The psalm reminds the reader that the consequences of unbelief could be fatal: â€Å"So He ended their days in futility/ and their years in terror. † The Children of Israel had also turned to idol worship despite the physical evidence of God’s care for them. So, God took revenge because He is a jealous God (Psalm 78). Psalm 78 also reminds the reader of the mercy of God when it reads: â€Å"Time after time He restrained His anger/ and did not stir up His full wrath. / He remembered that they were but flesh/ a passing breeze that does not return. † Even though God could have eradicated everybody who showed unfaithfulness to Him, He decided not to do so, seeing as the Children of Israel were not a threat to Him. Moreover, it can be understood from the psalm that God wanted the future generations of Israel to benefit from the teachings and miracles of the earlier generations. Thus, He replaced the pharaoh’s leadership over Israel with David’s godly leadership, once again, as a mercy to Israel. Psalm 78, therefore, ends on a hopeful note: â€Å"And David shepherded them with integrity of heart/ with skillful hands he led them† (Psalm 78). UNDERSTANDING THREE PSALMS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Page # 3 Psalm 89 also brings King David to mind when the writer of the maskil reminds God of the covenant He had made with His servant, David. Bible commentators believe that this maskil was composed by three different people in three separate periods of time (Churchyard). All the same, the psalm serves as a teaching instrument of religion explaining that it is not God who breaks His promises, but man who refuses to keep His commands time after time (Psalm 89, 1984). God had promised David that He would take special care of His servant as well as his descendants who kept the law of the Lord. Thus, the psalm glorifies God for His covenant, and expresses that the only fortunate people are those that know how to glorify God. Besides, the heavens and everything on earth glorifies the Lord, and the angels too are busy praising Him. Everything is obedient to God. It is only man that has been given the right to oppose God’s law and commandments. Hence, one of the descendants of David, the â€Å"anointed one,† is being ridiculed by his enemies apparently because he has violated the decrees of God. Although the psalm does not provide any information about why the â€Å"anointed one† is being punished, it can be inferred that God is not quickly coming to his rescue because the man has disobeyed the Lord. After all, God had spoken about David: â€Å"If his sons forsake my law/ and do not follow my statutes,/ if they violate my decrees/ and fail to keep my commands,/ I will punish their sin with the rod,/ their iniquity with flogging†¦. (Psalm 89)† God remains faithful to His promise. He would not punish a descendent of David without a genuine reason. God is fair, which is the reason why the psalmist appeals to God toward the end of the maskil with a desperation that may only be reduced or eliminated by the loving mercy of UNDERSTANDING THREE PSALMS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Page # 4 the Lord. Before praising God and ending the psalm with His praise, the psalmist once again reminds God about the faithfulness He showed toward His servant, David. He also refers to God’s â€Å"great former love† for David. Still, it is expected that God would not go against His promise made to David, which included punishment for his descendants that disobeyed the Lord. The psalmist insists, however, on being forgiven once and for all because he finds that God’s punishments are truly unbearable: â€Å"How long, O Lord? Will you hide yourself forever? / How long will your wrath burn like fire? / Remember how fleeting is my life. / For what futility you have created all men! † The psalmist continues to remind God about his condition despite the fact that God is all-knowing at all times: â€Å"Remember, Lord, how your servant has been mocked,/ how I bear in my heart the taunts of all the nations,/ the taunts with which your enemies have mocked, O Lord,/ with which they have mocked every step of your anointed one† (Psalm 89). Psalm 89 ends with praise of God, informing the reader that the â€Å"anointed one† with his complaints and desperate pleas nevertheless understands that God must be praised despite the pain that the â€Å"anointed one† is suffering from. In other words, God punishes for a wise reason, and even if man does not fully understand his flaws it is important for him to praise God before He answers the prayers of the suffering man. God cannot be blamed for suffering. Rather, man must learn to glorify Him despite the suffering, and thereby open the channel of communication with God who is expected to sooner or later deliver the believer from suffering (Psalm 89). This is, indeed, the most important teaching of this psalm. Psalm 132 also acts as a reminder of the covenant that God made with His servant, David: â€Å"One of your own descendants/ I will place on your throne / if your sons keep my covenant/ UNDERSTANDING THREE PSALMS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Page # 5 and the statutes I will teach them,/ then their sons will sit/ on your throne for ever and ever. † Another point of similarity between Psalm 89 and Psalm 132 is that both act as pleas for God’s mercy for the sake of David. Thus, Psalm 132 reads: â€Å"For the sake of David your servant,/ do not reject your anointed one. † Yet, this psalm does not offer any complaints or desperate pleas unto God. Rather, this is the â€Å"song of ascents† or the â€Å"song of climbing† that mostly serves to remind the reader of the special importance of Zion and of Israel as a whole in God’s plan (Psalm 132, 1984; Churchyard). The song of ascents discusses the temple of God that David had been planning to build, but which was only completed in Solomon’s time. More than four hundred years after Solomon, Ezra and Nehemiah rebuilt the temple of God, which is why Bible commentators believe that this psalm may have been written by Nehemiah or Ezra if not by Solomon (Churchyard). In any case, the psalm identifies Zion as the dwelling place of the God of Israel, a place of ultimate bliss on earth where abundance would replace poverty and the enemies of God would be crushed â€Å"with shame†. The psalmist agrees that the temple of God and Zion are the places where God must be sincerely worshipped. He invites God to His own dwelling place. Moreover, he prays for the sincere ones of God, His priests and His saints, who would all worship the Lord together in His dwelling place (Psalm 132). Although Psalm 132 does not make a complaint, the fact that it starts out with the remembrance of David, â€Å"O Lord, remember David/ and all the hardships he endured,† allows the reader to infer that David is acting as a spiritual intercessor of his people just as the Messiah is for the Christians. The song of ascents is essentially a song of worship, a reminder to God that UNDERSTANDING THREE PSALMS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Page # 6 His people remember how to praise and worship Him. Furthermore, His people would like Him to answer their needs with the mention of one of His favorite chosen ones, David (Psalm 132). Thus, all three psalms serve their unique purposes: Psalm 78 as a reminder about the importance of faithfulness and obedience to God; Psalm 89 as a desperate plea made to God with His praise; and Psalm 132 as a reminder to God that His people remember how to worship Him, and still seek His special mercy that was previously shown to David. References Churchyard, Gordon. (2004). â€Å"Free Bible Commentary on Psalm 78, Psalm 89, Psalm 132 in Simple English. † Easy English. Available at http://www. easyenglish. info/. (22 April 2007). 2. â€Å"Psalm 78. † (1984). The Book of Psalms. Colorado Springs, CO: International Bible Society, p. 70-73. 3. â€Å"Psalm 89. † (1984). The Book of Psalms. Colorado Springs, CO: International Bible Society, p. 81-83. 4. â€Å"Psalm 132. † (1984). The Book of Psalms. Colorado Springs, CO: International Bible Society, p. 123-124.

Method of the Ancient Essay Example for Free

Method of the Ancient Essay In the excerpt, Claude Perrault begins mundanely by recalling the Ancients’ belief in that the utilization of proportioning systems based on the human body would give aesthetic qualities and beauty to a building. Without a doubt, this topic of beauty, which resides from mathematical proportions, is readily discussed both visually and verbally through examples in all history and theory of architecture classes including Buildings, Texts and Contexts. However, what makes the text compelling to me is how Perrault brings into light the discrepancy in these proportioning systems that exists throughout history from the antiquity through to the renaissance. It is said that although the building orders may conform to certain proportions as a whole, the constituent parts of buildings, such as the precise dimensions of the members and its profiles, does not pertain to any strict rules or to a consensus of opinions amongst architects such that the building’s ultimate beauty does not lie only in proportions. Perrault’s juxtaposition of the beauty of buildings with the beauty of a human face clearly give weights to his argument: â€Å"a face can be both ugly and beautiful without any change in proportions; the contraction of the eyes and the enlargement of the mouth can be the same when one laughs as one weeps†. Perrault also points out that even though there is no single absolute proportioning rules for beauty, there are certain limitations to which one can deviate before a building loses its elegance. Through these flexibility and variability of indefinite rules, Perrault points out that by no means is the proportions preserved in architecture, of which is perceived by our eyes, are akin to the ones that govern musical harmonies, gained through our ears, as they are of immutable precision. These two sensory faculties, the eyes and the ears, work in processing data in different ways according to Perrault: the ear processes data without intervention of the intellect whilst the eyes work through the mediation of knowledge. Perrault then argues that since the proportions of edifice are usually oblivious to our eyes there must exists two different types of beauty: positive beauty and arbitrary beauty. Positive beauty as define by Perrault is for me quite the oppositive of Kant’s aesthetics judgement for that Perrault’s positive beauty are based on convincing reasons rather being disinterested and being ‘purposive without a purpose’. They are convincing reasons based on value and quality such as its rich materiality or even its precise execution. Arbitrary beauty, unlike positive beauty, is to me more like Kant’s aesthetics judgement in that it is universal, at least to a certain extent. Arbitrary beauty, as defined by Perrault, is the beauty where people have customarily come to agreement without any intrinsic qualities to justify such judgement.

Comparing Dharkers Blessing versus Ezelkiels Night of the Scorpion Es

Blessing & Night of the Scorpion ‘Blessing’, by Imbilz Dharker and ‘Night Of The Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezelkiel both teach us a lot about another culture. Both poems are set in India and so the people in the poem haven’t got much and so cherish what they do have. I shall analyse the similarities and the differences between the two enthralling poems and then evaluate my findings. ‘The Night of the Scorpion’ was written by Imbilz Dharker and is based in India. The title immediately draws the reader’s attention as it makes you wonder what it means. It also gives an evil and sinister feel to the poem. The first line is brunt and too the point â€Å"I remember the night my mother was stung by a scorpion†. â€Å"The night of the Scorpion† has very strong religious links as it refers to religion many times throughout the poem. You can feel the narrator’s distain for the scorpion in the opening lines â€Å"flash of diabolic tail in the dark room†. The word diabolic may be a reference to the devil. Diablo is the Spanish word for devil and there are more mentions of the devil later on, when the poem refers to the scorpion as â€Å"The evil one†. The people in the poem are all very religious, except possibly the father of the narrator, â€Å"buzzed the Name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One†. The peasants of the story use phrases such as â€Å"May the sum of evil balanced in this unreal world† showing that they believe that it is the will of God that is causing this and only he can stop this. The peasants go about trying to find the scorpion â€Å"they searched for him, he was not found† but alas they could not. This increases the drama and tension of the poem as the reader wants to know what will happen now that they have not found the scorpion. The peop... ...arn. In conclusion â€Å"Blessing† and â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion† are very similar. They are both about poor undeveloped countries, both poems have a lack of something (water/medical knowledge). The people in both stories are highly religious and express their emotions freely. The people in both poems fell desperation at some time. However there are also big differences between the two poems like for example â€Å"Blessing† is a lot more positive than â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion† which is very dark and sinister. Both poems have strong morals but they do differ. The people’s values are also very different. The people in â€Å"Blessing† are desperate for water but in â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion† it has rained for ten hours. Both of the poems are very strong with a clear message, they move you with emotive language, and they are both well thought out poems with underlying messages. Comparing Dharker's Blessing versus Ezelkiel's Night of the Scorpion Es Blessing & Night of the Scorpion ‘Blessing’, by Imbilz Dharker and ‘Night Of The Scorpion’ by Nissim Ezelkiel both teach us a lot about another culture. Both poems are set in India and so the people in the poem haven’t got much and so cherish what they do have. I shall analyse the similarities and the differences between the two enthralling poems and then evaluate my findings. ‘The Night of the Scorpion’ was written by Imbilz Dharker and is based in India. The title immediately draws the reader’s attention as it makes you wonder what it means. It also gives an evil and sinister feel to the poem. The first line is brunt and too the point â€Å"I remember the night my mother was stung by a scorpion†. â€Å"The night of the Scorpion† has very strong religious links as it refers to religion many times throughout the poem. You can feel the narrator’s distain for the scorpion in the opening lines â€Å"flash of diabolic tail in the dark room†. The word diabolic may be a reference to the devil. Diablo is the Spanish word for devil and there are more mentions of the devil later on, when the poem refers to the scorpion as â€Å"The evil one†. The people in the poem are all very religious, except possibly the father of the narrator, â€Å"buzzed the Name of God a hundred times to paralyse the Evil One†. The peasants of the story use phrases such as â€Å"May the sum of evil balanced in this unreal world† showing that they believe that it is the will of God that is causing this and only he can stop this. The peasants go about trying to find the scorpion â€Å"they searched for him, he was not found† but alas they could not. This increases the drama and tension of the poem as the reader wants to know what will happen now that they have not found the scorpion. The peop... ...arn. In conclusion â€Å"Blessing† and â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion† are very similar. They are both about poor undeveloped countries, both poems have a lack of something (water/medical knowledge). The people in both stories are highly religious and express their emotions freely. The people in both poems fell desperation at some time. However there are also big differences between the two poems like for example â€Å"Blessing† is a lot more positive than â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion† which is very dark and sinister. Both poems have strong morals but they do differ. The people’s values are also very different. The people in â€Å"Blessing† are desperate for water but in â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion† it has rained for ten hours. Both of the poems are very strong with a clear message, they move you with emotive language, and they are both well thought out poems with underlying messages.

India Essay -- essays research papers

India Around 2000 B.C. people called Aryan started invading India. This process continued to approximately 1000 B.C. Aryan tribes were led by kings. The Aryans conquered the native population, intermarried with it and settled in peasant villages. The Aryans brought their religion to India. The various sacrifices of the Aryan cults were accompanied by chanted hymns. These hymns comprised the first great religion work of the Aryans - the Rig Veda. The Veda and the Brahmins, the priests, came to hold a most prominent place in Vedic society. By about the forth century B.C. Hinduism had supplanted the older Vedic faith and became supreme. During this period two new religions Buddhism and Jainism developed out of Hinduism. The basic institution of the society was the extended family. The family consisted of eldest male and his wife, their sons, grandsons and heir wives and children and unmarried daughters. The majority of Hindu families lived in villages and agriculture was their basic occupation. When Aryans settled in India, their society was organized around four varnas or orders. Brahmans (priests) were the highest varna. The second varna consisted of the Kshatriyas or warriors, rulers and administrators. The third varna consisted of the Vaishya or merchants. The Shudras belonged to the lowest varna. During classic period, hundreds of sub-varnas, jatis, developed. Membership in a caste was determined by birth and Hindus were not allowed to marry members of other castes. T... India Essay -- essays research papers India Around 2000 B.C. people called Aryan started invading India. This process continued to approximately 1000 B.C. Aryan tribes were led by kings. The Aryans conquered the native population, intermarried with it and settled in peasant villages. The Aryans brought their religion to India. The various sacrifices of the Aryan cults were accompanied by chanted hymns. These hymns comprised the first great religion work of the Aryans - the Rig Veda. The Veda and the Brahmins, the priests, came to hold a most prominent place in Vedic society. By about the forth century B.C. Hinduism had supplanted the older Vedic faith and became supreme. During this period two new religions Buddhism and Jainism developed out of Hinduism. The basic institution of the society was the extended family. The family consisted of eldest male and his wife, their sons, grandsons and heir wives and children and unmarried daughters. The majority of Hindu families lived in villages and agriculture was their basic occupation. When Aryans settled in India, their society was organized around four varnas or orders. Brahmans (priests) were the highest varna. The second varna consisted of the Kshatriyas or warriors, rulers and administrators. The third varna consisted of the Vaishya or merchants. The Shudras belonged to the lowest varna. During classic period, hundreds of sub-varnas, jatis, developed. Membership in a caste was determined by birth and Hindus were not allowed to marry members of other castes. T...

Medias Influences on the Development of a Womans Self-Esteem Essay ex

Media's Influences on the Development of a Woman's Self-Esteem As young women grow up it is a time for learning. This time can be easier to handle by some than others. For some it can be a revelation of new experiences and ideas, but for other it can also be a difficult, stressful time for those trying to discover themselves. This can affect themselves as well as those around them. During this time, young women are likely to identify with those around them, their peers. Identifying with peers can help young women along by giving them the opportunity to see how others deal with problems similar to their own and by offering their own advice to those who need it. Along with this, young women are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the 'desired' image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. This can be attributed to the media's portrayal of women (Body Image & Advertising). The majority of women in ads; television, movies, and magazines are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. Young women will see these women and may want their image as their own, and some will go to any lengths to acquire this (Harrison, K). This in turn could lead to the idea that during this process of change and growing up, young women are often concerned about their physical image, which is influenced by the media (ibid). Young women may want to change their body image for a number of reasons. When women compare themselves to models and pictures of people in advertisements, they believe the only way they will get noticed is if they also appear the in the same image of the models (Henderson-King & Henderson-King). During adolescence, they may feel unsatisfied with their bodies and want to change how they look just to fit in (Beauty and Body Image in the Media). Also, young women look up to a number of people, namely celebrities, and try to adopt their style as their own in hopes of being able to fit in. Many celebrities are thin (Henderson-King & Henderson-King. The media widely popularizes the female figure as very thin. This all has its roots to 1959 and the introduction of the Barbie Doll and then in 1967 the ?waif look? entered our society when Leslie Hornby, known as Twiggy, began showing up in the media. The majority of actresses throughout the history of media have been thin (Beauty and Body... ...ffects on Women?s body esteem: social and individual difference factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 399. Retrieved from InfoTrac, Web database. Media exposure drives how satisfied women and girls are about body image. Pharma Business Week, 1, 13. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Rabak-Wagener, J., Eickhoff-Shemek, J., & Kelly-Vance, L., (2004). Participation in a media analysis program helped young women change their beliefs about body image, but their behaviors stayed similar. Journal of American College Health, 47, 29. Retrieved from RDS database. Simplistic explanations regarding women and body image neglect other factors. Mental Health Weekly Digest, 1, 16. Retrieved September 18, 2004, from InfoTrac Web database. Spaeth Cherry, s., (2004). Parents Can Help Prevent Eating Disorders. Opposing Viewpoints: Eating Disorders, 1, 1. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints Resource center. TV food ads: thin actors make then thin on reality. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter, 19, 2. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Walling, A., (1990). Teenagers and Television. American Family Physician, 42, 638. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Media's Influences on the Development of a Woman's Self-Esteem Essay ex Media's Influences on the Development of a Woman's Self-Esteem As young women grow up it is a time for learning. This time can be easier to handle by some than others. For some it can be a revelation of new experiences and ideas, but for other it can also be a difficult, stressful time for those trying to discover themselves. This can affect themselves as well as those around them. During this time, young women are likely to identify with those around them, their peers. Identifying with peers can help young women along by giving them the opportunity to see how others deal with problems similar to their own and by offering their own advice to those who need it. Along with this, young women are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the 'desired' image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. This can be attributed to the media's portrayal of women (Body Image & Advertising). The majority of women in ads; television, movies, and magazines are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. Young women will see these women and may want their image as their own, and some will go to any lengths to acquire this (Harrison, K). This in turn could lead to the idea that during this process of change and growing up, young women are often concerned about their physical image, which is influenced by the media (ibid). Young women may want to change their body image for a number of reasons. When women compare themselves to models and pictures of people in advertisements, they believe the only way they will get noticed is if they also appear the in the same image of the models (Henderson-King & Henderson-King). During adolescence, they may feel unsatisfied with their bodies and want to change how they look just to fit in (Beauty and Body Image in the Media). Also, young women look up to a number of people, namely celebrities, and try to adopt their style as their own in hopes of being able to fit in. Many celebrities are thin (Henderson-King & Henderson-King. The media widely popularizes the female figure as very thin. This all has its roots to 1959 and the introduction of the Barbie Doll and then in 1967 the ?waif look? entered our society when Leslie Hornby, known as Twiggy, began showing up in the media. The majority of actresses throughout the history of media have been thin (Beauty and Body... ...ffects on Women?s body esteem: social and individual difference factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 399. Retrieved from InfoTrac, Web database. Media exposure drives how satisfied women and girls are about body image. Pharma Business Week, 1, 13. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Rabak-Wagener, J., Eickhoff-Shemek, J., & Kelly-Vance, L., (2004). Participation in a media analysis program helped young women change their beliefs about body image, but their behaviors stayed similar. Journal of American College Health, 47, 29. Retrieved from RDS database. Simplistic explanations regarding women and body image neglect other factors. Mental Health Weekly Digest, 1, 16. Retrieved September 18, 2004, from InfoTrac Web database. Spaeth Cherry, s., (2004). Parents Can Help Prevent Eating Disorders. Opposing Viewpoints: Eating Disorders, 1, 1. Retrieved from Opposing Viewpoints Resource center. TV food ads: thin actors make then thin on reality. Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter, 19, 2. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database. Walling, A., (1990). Teenagers and Television. American Family Physician, 42, 638. Retrieved from InfoTrac Web database.

Georges Braque Essay -- essays research papers

Georges Braque was a French painter born on May 13, 1882, in Argenteuil-sur-Seine, near Paris. He grew up there and in the city of Le Havre where he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He began developing his painting skills while working for his father as a house decorator. By 1900 he moved to Paris to purse the study of painting as fine art. In his early works Braques’ style was early impressionism. It wasn’t until a few years later when he was influenced in the works of well known artists such as Matisse, Derain, Cezanne, and exspecially Picasso. Braque meeting Picasso was only the beginning of a huge turning point in his artistic development. Both Picasso and Braque began to work closely together. The two of them began to develop a similar approach in painting and invented analytic cubism. Cubism is a style known for geometric shapes that are seen thorough multiple viewpoints. Both artists produced paintings of neutralized colors and complex patterns. They worked so closely together that many pieces of their work look almost identical. In many instances only experts can distinguish Braque’s paintings from Picasso’s. Later, they both began to experiment with collage. Collage is a technique of constructing images from everyday life materials such as newspapers, labels, and pieces of fabric. In 1914, Braque enlisted in the French army. During World War I he had gotten severely wounded in the head and was discharged from the army. He went back home to Paris to resume his a...

Stylistic Analysis : “a Cup of Tea” by K.Mansfield

Written by ASUMAN BIRDAL STYLISTIC ANALYSIS : â€Å"A CUP OF TEA† by K. Mansfield The common view that a literary text is likely to be comprehended better if it is studied in parallel with stylistic analysis which emphasizes the crucial role of the linguistic features of the text contributes much to the development of literary criticism. M. A. K. Halliday is one of the text linguists who sees ‘grammar’ as a network of systems of relationships which account for all the semantically relevant choices in language, which is the standpoint of the stylistic analysis as well. In the light of M. A. K. Halliday’s discipline, I will try to analyse a piece of literary text written by Katherina Mansfield in the format of a short story titled â€Å"A CUP OF TEA† and try to criticise the text objectively in relation to its grammatical (functional) features . Before this , I’d like to give a brief information about the content of the story. A. INFORMATION ABOUT THE STORY Scanning the story first, we come across with a rich couple named Rosemary and Philip leading an untroubled, desirable life and they seem to love each other since- we have no implication whether they love each other for money or not – and everything goes well in their lives. Rosemary spends money without getting into trouble and giving no reason or excuse to her husband in doing this. Everyone in a society admires Rosemary not maybe for her beauty but for her remarkable features such as being interested in current movements from every aspects, seeming as an intelligent young woman, reading the modern books. Philip is not as bright as Rosemary but he makes himself realize as soon as he enters the story towards the end. Apart from the couple, there is a girl who meets Rosemary in a street by asking for money to have a cup of tea then is picked up by her to have a cup of tea at her home and begins to be directed by her. We infer this from the fact that whenever Rosemary wants her to enter the scene she is there but when, at the last scene, Rosemary is jealous of her, the girl is easily disappearad without giving no sign for us to follow the reason of her disappearance. And we have one more character having a part in the story :the shopman. He is also under the effect of Rosemary; we can understand this from his polite behaviours which are made obvious in the text with circumstantial features. But he is the person also who utilizes by the weakness of her. He tries to draw her attraction on the enamel box and succeeds it; he promises her to keep the box for her because he knows her and he knows that she will come to buy it; she has the power of money and gets whatever she desires without acconting for anything to anybody. Not only we encounter with her weakness in her dialogue with the shopman but also in her being jealous of Miss Smith when he utters lovely words for this girl and behaves as it is predicted by Philip who knows directing her and makes her behave as he desires taking advantage of her faulty character successfully. In that sense Philip is an intelligent man and effective on Rosemary who is also obviously the symbol of possessive female by being jealous of the girl she has met in the street; so she has no self-confidence ,she is a little bit credulous. She asks directly-having no hidden meaning in her words- ‘Am I PRETTY? ’, which ironically reveals her ex-behaviours to Philip even she supposes that Philip is not aware of the truth. B. ANALYSIS When we look at the story from the point of ‘transitivity functions’ included in the stylistic analysis which tell us about the language and its reflection on processes ,participants ,circumstantial functions we realize that main participant is ‘ Rosemary’ and most of the processes are acted by her. When we count all the sentences describing her or the ones in which she takes place we realize her dominancy at once. The other participants I’d like to analyse on this text -apart from ‘Rosemary’- are the girl,Miss Smith, and Philip. Even though Philip hasn’t got as many turns as Rosemary and Miss Smith, I’d like to examine the processes of him in order to display the currents of events as a whole- he is the efficient figure in the sequences of events in the story-; in other words it is vital to handle it here to maintain the entirety of the text. To do this I will follow M. A. K. Halliday’s process in which ‘Ideational’, ‘Interpersonal’, ‘Textual’ Functions of language are daelt with in order to support all my commentations on Katherine Mansfield’s work.

Long Jump Essay

It was hypothesized that some characteristics of the positions adopted by long jumpers during the final strides of the approach are significantly related to the distance of the jump,position variables were significantly related to the distance of the jump, through their relationships with the velocity of the approach and the vertical velocity of the CG at takeoff into the jumphe techniques used during the final strides of the approach, the role of elastic energy in the takeoff, the initiation and control of the jumper’s angular momentum, and the techniques used in the landing. This is very unfortunate because the takeoff phase is by far the most critical of the four phases to the success of the performance (Linger, 1980; and Stewart, 1981; Ramey, 1982). Finally, in Stage 4 the jumper learns to coordinate the swinging body segments with the movements previously learned. Each of these distances as well as the total distance jumped is greatly affected by the takeoff variableThe flight distance, which accounts for most of the total distance, is also determined by a number of takeoff variables, the most important being the resultant takeoff velocity. From the discussion above it is clear that in order o maximize flight distance, the takeoff actions must be Even though the landing comes at the end of the jump, the distance attained during this phase is also influenced by the actions performed during the takeoff. Similar to the takeoff distance, the landing distance is also determined by the jumper’s physique and body’s configuration at touchdown. T he optimal configuration at touchdown is one which allows the jumper to maximize distance by extending his/her legs as far as possible in front of the center of mass without falling backward (Dyson, 1977) precisely timed and coordinated

PEST and PESTEL Analysis

PEST and PESTEL Analysis The PEST analysis is a tool for assessing the broad environment in which a firm operates and is trying to compete, and the model is probably best-known for providing a virtual alphabet soup of acronyms. PEST is an acronym for Political/Economic/Sociocultural/Technological; other variants include PESTEL (Political/Economic/Sociocultural/Technological/Environmental/Legal), STEP, SLEPT, PELTS, LE-PEST-C (which adds Competitive Forces to the PESTEL model), and SPECTACLES (Social/Political/Economic/Cultural/Technological/Aesthetic/Customer/Legal/Environmental/Sectoral). Apart from different degrees of breadth and the suggestion that some factors can be prioritized in different ways depending on how the acronym is arranged, there is no fundamental difference among these variations. Defining PEST Factors Political: The political environment consists of the laws, regulations, and policies that currently – or in the foreseeable future – affect the company’s operations and objectives. Economic: Economic factors are those of the wider macroeconomic environment (which is to say, practically all of it, one way or another) that affect the company. Inflation and interest rates, equity and commodity market trends, and other indicators such as unemployment or job creation rates all have an impact on the company by determining what stage of the business cycle the company’s particular market is currently in; obviously, if the company is pursuing a strategy that is not supported by its economic environment, that would be a problem. Sociocultural: Cultural characteristics and traditions, the social structure of a population in the company’s market, ethical and moral norms, and other factors such as age, education level, and language are all important factors for the company to understand and respond to appropriately with its products or services. Technological: Technological influences exist on many different levels. The most obvious one is the technology of products, for example, the rapid proliferation of increasingly capable  smartphones and tablets steadily taking market share from ‘traditional’ desktop computers and laptops. Process technology for businesses evolves almost as rapidly  because it is supported by the developing technology underlying consumer products. Managerial technology, the ideas, methods, and processes used to manage businesses competitively, also evolves. The latter is the most likely to be overlooked in an environmental analysis; most firms are fairly competent in identifying the characteristics of their environment, but often do not recognize that the means and methods which they must use to respond effectively to new circumstances need to be updated as well. You may also be interested in: How to Write Critical Analysis Critical Success Factors Analysis Five Forces Analysis How to Understand SWOT Analysis My Assignment Brief Says â€Å"PESTEL† Analysis, so Where’s the EL? Including the Environmental and Legal components of the analysis seems to be current academic fashion; in real-world managerial practice, preferences for more or fewer factors are more or less uniformly distributed – some prefer the longer and more sub-divided format like PESTEL or SPECTACLES, others prefer the shorter version. The pitfall of additional factors is that they are often not distinct enough to warrant separate attention. Environmental concerns, for example, do not exist outside the contexts of social and cultural attitudes towards the environment, political factors that affect the management of the environment, and technological impacts on the environment. Legal issues, such as laws regulating company activities, or laws governing the forming and enforcement of contracts, all derive from political factors, and to some extent, from sociocultural factors; they cannot exist on their own. For the purposes of generating the environmental overview, turning a PEST into a PESTEL or another  variation is not at all difficult. Analyzing the factors, however, becomes more complex the more letters there are in the acronym; careful attention must be paid to how the various factors are related to each other. Common Steps in a PEST Analysis In general, analyzing the factors gathered together in a PEST requires five steps: Step 1. Determine which trends are relevant to the organization.  Past strategies and their outcomes are a good guide to determining which of the factors identified are likely to have an impact on the company in the future; some will be rather obviously relevant or not, but most will require careful study. Once the relevant factors are identified, investigate their behavior over time to identify general trends and patterns that will be continued in the future. Step 2. Identify the interdependencies in the trends.  All of the relevant factors and trends are connected in some way  and either complement or conflict with one another. Using the ‘environment’ example from above, a trend towards stricter environmental laws (a Political factor) would probably be seen to correlate with stronger public attitudes about the environment (a Sociocultural factor) and growth in â€Å"green† products (an Economic and/or Technological factor). Understanding these interdependencies is important to prevent the development of strategic objectives that have unintended consequences. Step 3. Forecast specific issues for the company that the trends will create.  Again, past performance is the best source of evidence for how relevant trends will impact the company. At this point, you should begin to prioritize the trends and the issues that are created from them in order of greatest to least impact on the company and its strategy. Step 4. Develop implications of trends and environmental changes.  The trends and issues should be examined in three contexts: the possible impacts on the industry or sector as a whole; possible impacts on the company’s competitive position; and possible impacts on the position of the company’s direct competitors. Step 5. Conduct a sensitivity analysis.  The particular manner in which this is done depends on the circumstances and priorities of the firm. As a general rule of thumb, if the projected possible negative result of a particular issue is slightly below the ‘worst-case scenario’ result for the related objective, the issue should be considered critical. Advantages Disadvantages of PEST The PEST analysis is a useful precursor to internal analyses  or analyses such as SWOT analysis that combine  internal and external factors. Like the Critical Success Factors analysis, a significant part of the benefits from doing a PEST analysis come from the exercise itself. Key drivers of change in the organization or its market are identified along with their relationships, and this analysis framework provides a sort of â€Å"common language† for managerial decision-making and interaction. On the other hand, PEST does have a number of flaws. The four factors of the basic PEST model are somewhat arbitrary; the assumption that they do significantly affect every business is usually correct, but there is no guarantee of this. And of course, adding more factors to turn PEST into a PESTEL or another  variant comes at the cost of added complexity. The model also makes the assumption that historical behavior and trends predict  the future, which may not always be the case. In addition, determining which trends and factors are relevant to the company and its market is entirely subjective, as is identifying interdependencies among trends to some degree. Various data-management programs can help reduce the uncertainty  but add time and cost to the analysis.  And finally, PEST does not necessarily suggest a course of action; it helps to identify important factors and trends, but not what the organization should do about them.

Vegetartianism essays

Vegetartianism essays Vegetarianism as defined by The World Book Dictionary as "the practice or principle of eating only vegetable foods and refraining from eating meat, fish, or other animal products". This definition, though accurate, seems somewhat limited, as being a vegetarian is so much more: it is a lifestyle choice, a way of thinking, and a way of behaving. Over 12 million Americans and countless others, from all over the world, have turned to the vegetarian diet. People who have become vegetarians have made a conscious choice to be this and, having studied this practice, no one should entertain becoming a vegetarian lightly. Even though there are many benefits to becoming a vegetarian, the decision could also be harmful. There are many reasons for people to choose a vegetarian lifestyle. Some people adopt it as a fad, while others profess to do it because of an aversion to eating animals. There are religious reasons for not eating meat and still others follow vegetarianism as a way to lose weight, using it as a diet. In each case it can be a healthy or a harmful way to eat. The benefits or harm of vegetarianism is associated with two factors: education about nutritional needs coupled with food choices. Even groups like athletes can thrive on a vegetarian diet if they are well educated to the bodies' dietary needs and are well aware of the limit-less choices available on a vegetarian diet. What follows in this essay, is first: a brief, yet insightful look at the vegetarian diet (the nutritional aspect) and then: an analysis of how this diet may, in fact, be a good choice for an athlete. The first thing people need to realize is that there is more than just one type of vegetarian diet. In fact, there are three basic vegetarian diets to choose from. The first is the lacto-ovo diet. This diet includes the use of eggs and dairy products. The second one is the lacto diet, which also includes the use of dairy products but, unlike the ...

Science in politics essays

Science in politics essays Thursday October 24 1929 is a Day that was later known as Black Thursday. Black Thursday was the day a small crash occurred at the New York stock exchange. However Black Thursday Would turn out to be nothing compared to what awaited America and its economy on the following Tuesday. America was about to enter her darkest days the Great Depression. Sena Peterson my great grandmother was just an eighteen-year-old young lady living on her fathers corn farm in Iowa. Far away from New York and the economic problems on Wall Street. Nevertheless, the depression and the falling prices of her farms product would soon affect her in drastic ways the depression would be a hard time for Americans. Monday October 28, 1929. Was a very dark and gloomy day. Thousands of Black Birds landed on Wall Street. The thousand plus birds began to devour any thing they could find to eat. Nearly half of the birds never took flight again. Many of the birds died of exhaustion. This was an ominous sign of the dark and desperate times ahead. America was about to enter its lowest and darkest point in its short history. My great grandma lived on her farm in Iowa oblivious to the fact that her life would soon be changing in drastic ways. She had know idea of what was going on at Wall Street. She had no idea that she was going to have to move. Her family would soon have to start all over in a new place. Tuesday October 29, 1929. This dark day would soon be remembered as Black Tuesday. The day Americas economy would crumble. The day some investors lost everything even there will to live and jumped out the windows of high rise buildings. Many people believe that the stock market crash was the cause of the depression but that is not entirely true. Although the two events where closely related. By Americans attitude during the 1920s also known as the jazz age. Americans emphasis on having the newest thing o...

Whats a Good PSAT Score for a Freshman

What's a Good PSAT Score for a Freshman SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're gearing up for a high PSAT score in junior year, then you may choose to take the PSAT as a freshman for practice. Taking the PSAT in 9th grade will help you identify your current scoring level and figure out how you can improve for the future. As a freshman, you can choose between two tests: the PSAT/NMSQT that 11th graders take or the PSAT 8/9, a version of the test specifically geared toward 8th and 9th graders. These two tests have comparable, but slightly different, score ranges. This article will go over the scoring and percentiles of both so you know what would make a good PSAT/NMSQT or PSAT 8/9 score as a freshman. How Is the PSAT Scored? The PSAT NMSQT (National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) and the PSAT 8/9 use slightly different scoring systems, but they match up pretty closely. Let's take a look at both. The PSAT/NMSQT gives you two scaled scores between 160 and 760. One is for Math, and the other is for Reading and Writing together. Adding these scaled scores together, the composite score range on the PSAT falls between 320 and 1520. The PSAT 8/9 gets shifted down 80 points, falling on a scale between 240 and 1440 total, or 120 to 720 for each section. It's moved down to make up for the fact that it's a slightly easier test than the PSAT/NMSQT. A perfect score on the PSAT 8/9, while strong, doesn't equate exactly to a perfect score on the PSAT NMSQT. Similarly, the PSAT/NMSQT is shifted 80 points down from the SAT's score range of 400 to 1600 to make up for its slightly less challenging content. You can picture the score ranges like a slide, with the SAT at the top, the PSAT/NMSQT just below, and the PSAT 8/9 underneath that. To calculate your final scores, College Board considers everyone's performance on a given administration. Once it figures out your scores, it assigns them a percentile. If you score in the 75th percentile, to give an example, then you scored higher or the same as 75% of other test-takers. The remaining 25% scored higher than you. By looking at how scaled scores get translated into percentiles, we can answer our original question of what makes a good PSAT score for a freshman. Objectively speaking, we can look at what PSAT score is higher than the scores of the majority of other test-takers. Is your score above average, or did you fall below the halfway mark? PSAT Scores and Percentiles Since freshmen can take either the PSAT/NMSQT or the PSAT 8/9, we'll look at the data for both tests. By looking at how scores fall into percentiles, we can figure out what makes a good score on either test for a freshman. First, let's consider the percentile chart for the PSAT/NMSQT. PSAT/NMSQT: Percentile Chart Since the majority of PSAT/NMSQT test-takers are juniors, followed by sophomores, the College Board unfortunately doesn't release stats on the scores and percentiles of only freshmen. Instead, it groups all students who are 10th graders and younger together when presenting data on how scaled scores convert to percentiles. If you feel like you're scoring lower than average, don't worry! The majority of students represented in this data have a whole year of schooling on you. The chart below matches up thePSAT/NMSQT scores of younger students with percentiles. This chart is sourced fromCollege Board's 2018 score report. PSAT/NMSQT Score Reading and Writing Math 760 99+ 99+ 750 99+ 99+ 740 99+ 99 730 99+ 99 720 99+ 99 710 99 99 700 99 98 690 98 98 680 98 98 670 97 97 660 97 97 650 96 97 640 95 96 630 94 95 620 92 95 610 91 94 600 89 92 590 87 91 580 85 89 570 83 87 560 80 85 550 78 82 540 75 80 530 72 77 520 68 74 510 65 71 500 62 68 490 59 64 480 56 60 470 52 56 460 49 52 450 45 48 440 42 43 430 39 39 420 35 35 410 32 30 400 28 26 390 25 21 380 21 17 370 17 14 360 14 11 350 11 8 340 8 6 330 6 5 320 4 4 310 3 3 300 2 2 290 and below 1 and below 2 and below As you can see, you don't have to get a perfect score to make it to the 99th percentile. Using this information, keep reading to learn what can we conclude makes for a good score for freshmen on the PSAT/NMSQT. What's a Good Score for Freshmen on the PSAT/NMSQT? Since freshman year is early to take the PSAT, your target scores can certainly be lower than they would be when you reach 10th or 11th grade. In fall of freshman year, you haven't taken any full high school classes yet. You may have already done a good deal of prep for the PSAT though, and you have lots of time to do more before taking the PSAT as a sophomore and/or junior. With this in mind, let's consider good scores to be in the 70th percentile or higher. These are the section and composite scores you'd need to achieve on the PSAT/NMSQT to score in these higher than averagepercentiles. Percentile Reading and Writing Score Math Score Composite Score 70% 520-530 500-510 1020-1030 80% 560 540 1090 90% 600-610 580-590 1180 99% 700 710 1370 An average section score in the 50th percentile would be a score of about 460 on each section. To get an above average score,you'd want to get 470 or higher in both sections. Want to get a head start on the PSAT NMQST? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Now let's consider the other version of the PSAT you can take as a freshman, the PSAT 8/9. PSAT 8/9: Percentile Chart The data in the chart below solely reflects the scores and percentiles of 9th graders who took the PSAT 8/9 in the fall of 2018. Remember that the PSAT 8/9 score range goes from 240 to 1440, or from 120 to 720 for each section. This information is sourced from the College Board's official 2018/2019 report on the PSAT 8/9. PSAT 8/9 Score Reading and Writing Math 720 99+ 99+ 710 99+ 99+ 700 99+ 99+ 690 99+ 99+ 680 99+ 99 670 99+ 99 660 99 99 650 99 99 640 98 98 630 98 98 620 97 98 610 96 97 600 95 96 590 94 96 580 93 95 570 91 94 560 89 92 550 87 91 540 85 89 530 82 87 520 80 85 510 77 82 500 74 79 490 71 76 480 68 72 470 64 69 460 61 64 450 58 60 440 54 55 430 50 51 420 46 46 410 42 42 400 38 38 390 34 33 380 30 28 370 26 24 360 22 20 350 18 17 340 15 14 330 11 11 320 8 9 310 6 7 300 4 6 290 3 4 280 2 3 270 1 2 260 1 2 250 1 2 240 and below 1 and below 1 and below Based on these percentiles, let's take the same approach as we did above to figure out what makes a good score for a freshman on the PSAT 8/9. Let's see what you'd need to score to make it into the 70th percentile and above. What's a Good Score for Freshmen on the PSAT 8/9? Unlike the data on the PSAT/NMSQT, this data is entirely based on 9th graders. It's also more recent, so it should give the most realistic view of what you'd need to score on the PSAT 8/9 to do better than average. This chart shows the scores you'd need to achieve to make it into the 70th, 80th, 90th, and 99th percentiles. Percentile Reading and Writing Score Math Score Composite Score 70% 480-490 470-480 950-960 80% 520 500-510 1010-1020 90% 560-570 540-550 1100 99% 650 650 1270 You can use all this data on scores and percentiles to set goals for whichever test you choose to take as a 9th grader. How can you achieve your target scores? That all depends on how much you prepare.Read on for a few tips for prepping for the PSAT leading up to freshman year. By prep, I mean studying, not popped collars. How to Prep for the PSAT as a Freshman One of the first steps in getting ready to take the PSAT is defining your target scores. What are you aiming for? What do you hope to score at this point in your education? To figure this out, I recommend taking a timed PSAT practice test. Score your test, and figure out where you're currently scoring and what areas you can improve in. For a lot of freshmen, the math section might be especially challenging with new concepts and problems. To get yourself ready, you could seek out PSAT practice materials and self-teach or get tutored in the new concepts and vocabulary you'll need to know. By finding your areas of strength and weakness, you can adjust your studying to meet your own individual needs. Official PSAT practice tests and sample questions are the best representation of what you'll see on the test. You can also use older practice tests to prep, as well as practice tests for the new SAT, as the exams will be very similar. When you score them, write down any mistakes you made or questions you're unsure about. Taking the time to thoroughly understand and correct your mistakes is the best way to ensure you answer similar questions correctly the next time. The PSAT is a national standardized test, so even when the specifics change, the question types generally stay the same test after test. By thoroughly studying question type and format, you can gain a strong familiarity with the commonly asked questions. You may even reach the point where you feel that your official PSAT is very similar to practice tests you've already taken. The PSAT is challenging for its content, the complex wording of questions, and the strict time limits. By timing yourself as you practice, you'll improve your ability to answer questions quickly and efficiently. You can try out strategies of speed reading and skimming for key content, as well as how to identify and fix grammar rules fast. While there may be some content that you just haven't studied in school yet, all this studying will at least help your test-taking skills. You'll get better at working quickly under time limits, applying time-saving strategies, like process of elimination, and handling the pressure of taking College Board exams. Even if you decide not to take the PSAT as a freshman, it's a great idea to start early with a PSAT practice test to gauge your level, map out your study plan, and familiarize yourself with the test. By the time you reach junior year, you'll be prepared to take the PSAT NMSQT when it counts for National Merit and ultimately, the SAT. What's Next? Are you deciding between the PSAT 8/9 and the PSAT NMSQT? Read all about the PSAT 8/9 here and whether or not you should take it at this point in high school. In sophomore year, you might also be considering the PSAT 10. This guide explains what this College Board exam is all about, while this article discusseswhether you should take the PSAT 10 or the PSAT NMSQT. Are you starting to think about SAT prep? Read all about if you should start prepping for the SAT as a freshman or what a good freshman SAT score would be. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Christians And Contraception Essays - Midwifery, Free Essays

Christians And Contraception Essays - Midwifery, Free Essays Christians And Contraception Christians and Contraception: Why it is Your Choice, and Why Christianity Was Wrong in the Past INTRODUCTION Contraception History Contraception is defined by Websters II New Riverside Dictionary as the prevention of conception. Its synonym is birth control; defined as the avoidance of unwanted pregnancies by preventing fertilization by the use of contraceptives or continence. It is argued that many forms of birth control are not in fact contraceptives because they do not interrupt the conceptual process, but merely inhibit the survival of the fertilized egg. While we will still frame our discussion in the general category of birth control, the distinctions are important when considering ethics. For example, since the so-called morning after pill prevents the fertilized egg from attaching itself to the wall of the uterus, and thus causing a miscarriage, it technically would be a form of birth control, not conception control . Ancient societies understood the difference between preventing conception and killing an infant. In fact, they used a variety of techniques to try and prevent conception. Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, was widely practiced. It was, however, condemned by conservative Judaism and Roman Catholicism as a vice against nature. This idea grew from the belief that semen was a seed, containing everything necessary for life, and the womb was fertile soil in which to plant the seed. The seeds were believed to be finite, thus carelessly wasting them endangered the future health of the tribe . The ancients also used types of diaphragms to block the sperm. In Africa, women used plugs of chopped grass or cloth. Japanese women used balls of bamboo tissue paper. Greek women used wool . While birth control in one form or another has existed for as long as human culture, there have also been attempts to prevent anything that impeded pregnancy and birth. In 1873, Anthony Comstock was successful in passing a law through Congress that defined contraceptive information as obscene. This was the outgrowth of abortion legislation that outlawed all abortions except those necessary to save the life of a woman. In 1869, Pope Pius IX had declared that all abortion is murder. This was a change from previous Roman Catholic teaching that considered 40 days after conception for a boy and 80 days for a girl as the moment of quickening, meaning the beginning of life. The moment of conception now became the beginning of life, and actually the sperm and egg were even seen to be alive . Types of Contraceptives Contraceptive methods for women include the rhythm methodabstinence around the most likely time of ovulationand precoital insertion into the vagina of substances (creams, foams, jellies, or suppositories) containing spermatocidal chemicals. The use of a diaphragm, a rubber cup-shaped device inserted before intercourse, which prevents sperm from reaching the uterine cervix. It is usually used with spermatocidal substances, intrauterine devices, or IUDs, are variously shaped small objects inserted by a doctor into the uterus: they apparently act by creating a uterine environment hostile either to the sperm or to the fertilized egg. The birth control pill, an oral contraceptive, involves a hormonal method in which estrogen and progestins are taken cyclically for 21 days a month. These pills suppress production of the hormone that would ordinarily cause ovulation . Other forms include sterilization of either the man or woman, and many new techniques and medications such as the previously mentioned morning-after pill, or minutes-after hormone, and also different forms of progestin injections or insertions . The Ethical Contraception Argument The morality of contraception has been argued for centuries. Traditional Christians view the use of contraceptives or contraceptive behavior as sinful and in opposition to Gods will for humanity. These fundamentalists have interpreted small pieces of Biblical scripture to reveal the word of God, which shuns birth control. There has also been brought forth a scientific argument supporting the disallowance of Christians utilizing contraception techniques. On the other hand there is abundant evidence that welcomes the intelligent use of birth control measures into the lives of Christians living in the twenty-first century. There has been counter arguments formed to the traditional views, and stunning revelations about the misinterpretation of Gods word in scripture. Also, it will not be a surprise that there is a large

How Radio Waves Help Us Understand the Universe

How Radio Waves Help Us Understand the Universe Humans perceive the universe using visible light that we can see with our eyes. Yet, theres more to the cosmos than what we see using the visible light that streams from stars, planets, nebulae, and galaxies. These objects and events in the universe also give off other forms of radiation, including radio emissions. Those natural signals fill in an important part of the cosmic of how and why objects in the universe behave as they do. Tech Talk: Radio Waves in Astronomy Radio waves are electromagnetic waves (light), but we cant see them. They have wavelengths between 1 millimeter (one-thousandth of a meter) and 100 kilometers (one kilometer is equal to one thousand meters). In terms of frequency, this is equivalent to 300 Gigahertz (one Gigahertz is equal to one billion Hertz) and 3 kilohertz. A Hertz (abbreviated as Hz) is a commonly used unit of frequency measurement. One Hertz is equal to one cycle of frequency. So, a 1-Hz signal is one cycle per second. Most cosmic objects emit signals at hundreds to billions of cycles per second. People often confuse radio emissions with something that people can hear. Thats largely because we use radios for communication and entertainment. But, humans do not hear radio frequencies from cosmic objects. Our ears can sense frequencies from 20 Hz to 16,000 Hz (16 KHz). Most cosmic objects emit at Megahertz frequencies, which is much higher than the ear hears. This is why radio astronomy (along with x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared) is often thought to reveal an invisible universe that we can neither see nor hear. Sources of Radio Waves in the Universe Radio waves usually are emitted by energetic objects and activities in the universe. The   Sun is the closest source of radio emissions beyond Earth. Jupiter also emits radio waves, as do events occurring at Saturn. One of the most powerful sources of radio emission outside of the solar system, and beyond the Milky Way  galaxy, comes from active galaxies (AGN). These dynamic objects are powered by supermassive black holes at their cores. Additionally, these black hole engines will create massive jets of material that glow brightly with radio emissions. These can often outshine the entire galaxy in radio frequencies. Pulsars, or rotating neutron stars, are also strong sources of radio waves. These strong, compact objects are created when massive stars die as  supernovae. Theyre  second only to black holes in terms of ultimate density. With powerful magnetic fields and fast rotation rates, these objects emit a broad spectrum of  radiation, and they are particularly bright in radio. Like supermassive black holes, powerful radio jets are created, emanating from the magnetic poles or the spinning neutron star. Many pulsars are referred to as radio pulsars because of their strong radio emission. In fact, data from the  Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope  showed evidence of a new breed of pulsars that appears strongest in gamma-rays instead of the more common radio. The process of their creation remains the same, but their emissions tell us more about the energy involved in each type of object.   Supernova remnants themselves can be particularly strong emitters of radio waves. The Crab Nebula is famous for its radio signals that alerted astronomer Jocelyn Bell to its existence.   Radio Astronomy Radio astronomy is the study of objects and processes in space that emit radio frequencies. Every source detected to date is a naturally occurring one. The emissions are picked up here on Earth by  radio telescopes. These are large instruments, as it is necessary for the detector area to be larger than the detectable wavelengths. Since radio waves can be larger than a meter (sometimes much larger), the scopes are typically in excess of several meters (sometimes 30 feet across or more). Some wavelengths can be as large as a mountain, and so astronomers have built extended arrays of radio telescopes.   The larger the collection area is, compared to the wave size, the better the angular resolution a radio telescope has. (Angular resolution is a measure of how close two small objects can be before they are indistinguishable.) Radio Interferometry Since radio waves can have very long wavelengths, standard radio telescopes need to be very large in order to obtain any sort of precision. But since building stadium size radio telescopes can be cost prohibitive (especially if you want them to have any steering capability at all), another technique is needed to achieve the desired results. Developed in the mid-1940s, radio interferometry aims to achieve the kind of angular resolution that would come from incredibly large dishes without the expense. Astronomers achieve this  by using multiple detectors in parallel with each other. Each one studies the same object at the same time as the others. Working together, these telescopes effectively act like one giant telescope the size of the whole group of detectors together. For example, the Very Large Baseline Array has detectors 8,000 miles apart. Ideally, an array of many radio telescopes at different separation distances would work together to optimize the effective size of the collection area as well improve the resolution of the instrument. With the creation of advanced communication and timing technologies, it has become possible to use telescopes that exist at great distances from each other (from various points around the globe and even in orbit around  the Earth). Known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), this technique significantly improves the capabilities of individual radio telescopes and allows researchers to probe some of the most dynamic objects in the  universe. Radios Relationship to Microwave Radiation The radio wave band also overlaps with the microwave band (1 millimeter to 1 meter). In fact, what is commonly called  radio astronomy, is really microwave astronomy, although some radio instruments do detect wavelengths much beyond 1 meter. This is a source of confusion as some publications will list the microwave band and radio bands separately, while others will simply use the term radio to include both the classical radio band and the microwave band. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Project management - sports pavillion at St. George's College Essay

Project management - sports pavillion at St. George's College - Essay Example PART A INTRODUCTION The project understudy is the construction work to extend and alter the sports pavilion at St George’s College and development of accommodation for Warden in and committee room. This project is taken as the critical opportunity mainly for the following reasons: The college is situated within densely populated area within city; hence, there is high risk associated with the construction work to be completed within defined frame. On-time completion is also critical as work is scheduled within holiday season. Project has high social value for the being provision of services to college. Successful accomplishment of the project is linked with the projects of two more schools. Hence, the project is taken with more responsibility orientation with client’s defined framework of task to be accomplished within time (most important), cost, quality and risk. PROCUREMENT ROUTES The procurement of the project is guided by three possible options which are as follows (Curtin University of Technology, n.d.): Traditional Approach Design and Construct Management Fee Each of the mechanism carries suitability for some while costing other. For the under study project; it is suggestible for the client to adopt the procurement route of Design and Construct with complete package by supplier variant. Design and construct entails hiring of the consulting firm (project manager) that develops design for the client’s requirement and further hires contractor for the construction services. It will facilitate client with a single point of contact as the management intend to have least involvement in overall construction process. It is also suitable for the college management based on their specification mentioned. Discussed below is the evaluation of the mechanism with respect to set criteria: Time: Fast tracked as the design and the construction can be carried in parallel. It also ensures the completion of the project on date which is very critical in th e case understudy. Cost: It also provides accurate estimate of the cost. Quality: This method is since not as quality oriented as management fee method but ensure quality construction according to the defined needs of required construction. Risk: aligned with the need of the college management, this method also carries minimum risk on part of employer and almost all risk is born by contractor. Given below is the reflection of methods and associated risk: (Curtin University of Technology, n.d.) Hence, the procurement method of design and construct can be justified as the most suiting method to the need of college management with facilitating of a single contractual firm that integrates design and construction expertise and accountability resting within one firm. RISK MANEGEMENT Success of the project is not only dependent on the accuracy of planning but is also dependent on level of consideration given to risk management. Simple to state, risk is the probability of not achieving the stated goal, since single aim of every objective is to accomplish it successfully; hence it requires projects to identify, analyse, asses and manage likelihood and impact

Nucor Steel and Partner's Healthcare Term Paper

Nucor Steel and Partner's Healthcare - Term Paper Example As a function of this, the following analysis will consider and review the means by which Nucor Steel and Partner Health have attempted to leverage increasing returns within their organization as a means to make them more competitive and ultimately more profitable within the markets that they compete. Although it is oftentimes not easy to determine what aspects of a firm are primed for increasing rates of return, the instances that will be discussed in this case study and analysis have been determined from prior research which has been performed with the sole intent of labeling these increasing return mechanisms and seeking to implement them as a way to boost the profitability of the industry in question. Q1) Nucor challenge and principles of increasing returns working to help the firm achieve its strategic goals. Analyze the cases in terms of network effect, standardization, high switching cost, and learning effect. With regards to Nucor Steel, the case study in question presented a situation in which lower levels of company leadership outright refused to communicate and or learn from the experience of one another. As a function of this compartmentalized approach to management and information sharing, the firm itself was suffering from a lack of free flow of knowledge systems and intelligence transfer. As a result of this, the profitability and overall level to which the firm could hope to grow was necessarily constrained. As a means of outgrowing this constraint and leveraging increasing returns of the human capital inputs that the process entailed, the authors of the piece detail how they sought to implement a type of incentive system for information sharing within the firm and among leadership positions (Anderson 2009). Naturally, such an approach necessarily sought to change an aspect of the company’s culture. However, what was particularly intelligent about the means by which this was affected was the fact that rather than merely forcing this chang e upon the shareholders, it was presented to them by means of an incentive mechanism (Nucor 2012). In this way, the switching cost was alleviated, the network affect (by which shareholders sought to implement the change) was also assisted, and the learning effect was shortened. Such an approach was highly useful and insightful as it helped the firm to rapidly yet methodically implement the new structure and achieve the ultimate affect which was sought after without disrupting the otherwise solid performance that the firm exhibited within the market. The second article that has been analyzed dealt with the case of Partner Health and their desire to implement a type of EBM (Evidence Based Medicine) into their field of practice. Recognizing that the prime impediment to a higher quality of care and helping the firm to evolve to the next level was the fact that their current system of healthcare provision meant that there was little to no evolution and growth within the body of knowledge that medical practitioners disseminated on a daily basis, the top leadership sought to engage a system of EBM as a means of seeking to provide these affected shareholders with an ever expanding body of clinical knowledge which could help to inform them as to the decision that they should make. Likewise, with relation to the ultimate implementation of

World War II Through the 1970s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World War II Through the 1970s - Essay Example This paper explores significant turning points in American history at the said time. In addition, the paper explores the impact that the developments had on America’s society, economy, politics, and culture. Moreover, the paper explores why Americans in the late 1930s did not wish to be engaged in the World War II. The paper also explores significant contributions made by women during World War II as well civil rights breakthroughs after World War II. Lastly, the paper explores the impact of Vietnam War on the new generation of young Americans as well as President Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society.† #1 Some of the two turning points in American history post World War II through to 1970s include the cold war era and Civil Rights Movements. The Cold War intensified moments after the end of the Second World War. When the war ended marked by an allied victory, material differences surfaced between America and the Soviets. Cold War was a period of tension, suspicions, and hostility between U.S. and Soviet Union spanning from mid-40s to the late 80s. During the period, there were indirect conflicts such as Vietnam War, Cuban missile crisis, and Korea wars (Armstrong, 1998). American civil rights movement had its roots in the century-long efforts of African slaves, as well as their descendants in efforts to get rid of institution of slavery and racial oppression. The U.S. Constitution amendments did not entirely emancipate the slaves as it did not secure federal protection of the civil rights. Significant happenings during the Civil Rights Movement include desegregating Little Rock (1957), sit-ins (1960), Freedom rides (1961), voter registrations, Albany Movement (1961-1962), Birmingham Campaign (1963-1964), March on Washington (1963), and Civil Rights Act of 1964. #2 The cold war shaped American foreign policy as well as political ideology. Cold War also had a substantial bearing on the American presidency. Similarly, Cold War has led to some politic ians using anti-communist hysteria to advance their rightist agenda. The Cold War also influenced domestic policy both socially and economically. The social impact includes regression of social reforms; the economic impact dwells on enormous industrial growth aided by heavy government expansion. Traces of hostility between the U.S. and Soviet Union, now Russia, are still evident in platforms such as UN Security Council where each party vetoes the other in defense of each party’s interests (Armstrong, 1998). The Civil Rights Movement in 1960s has had a remarkable influence on American society far beyond the struggle for racial justice and equality. Many of the principles, strategies and tactics employed by the civil rights organization such as peaceful protests and acts of civil disobedience such as sit-ins have informed and inspired the social movements of today. Civil Rights Movement has impacted on education and politics in terms of desegregation and other aspects centered on affirmative action. Civil Rights Movements have led to de-institutionalization of discrimination, which has changed America culturally. #3 From 1920s to the 1930s America’s foreign policy leaned towards isolationist. During the Great depression, the focus was on economic growth and the principal determination was to stay out of any conflict as espoused by its isolationist, non-interventionism, and neutrality policy. The isolationist sentiment was inspired partly by the depression. The U.S. thought that they could only fix the depression domestically, and involvement in conflicts was more of a sideshow. Isolationists wanted to stay out of war at any cost as the depression threatened to

Are all personality disorders treatable Why has this become an Essay

Are all personality disorders treatable Why has this become an important issue - Essay Example However, most of the work regarding this subject has been on the psychoanalytic side. The same is the case with treatment approaches and literature (Benjamin, pp. 8-46, 2002). Almost all of the experts (Millon, Millon, Grossman, Meagher, & Ramnath, pp. 36-39, 2004) conceptually have the same opinion on the idea that the best way to go about the treatment of personality disorders is to discover, classify, categorize and modify the basic and foundation causes of the same. However, the cognitive therapy experts and psychoanalysts differ in their thoughts at the next stage. The cognitive therapy theorists hold the view that personality disorders and its products are realizable by the subject or patient and at times all this is happening under the consciousness of the subject. On the other hand, psychoanalysts think the opposite way. For them, personality disorders and their outcomes are unconscious to the subject and they are not aware of it at all. It is interesting to note here that few of the people go to doctors or clinical psychologists with complaints regarding personality disorders. Despite the fact that there are many people around the world with personality disorders; however, only a few of them are aware of it. Most of them go to doctors with complaints like depression, stress, aggressive behavior and others (Benjamin, pp. 8-46, 2002). More importantly, they view their problematic behavior a product of the external environment. The think they are the victims of the situation going on and they have little or no contribution in their behavior. The problem here is that since they do not think they are responsible for their behavior therefore they also look out for solutions to their problems without realizing the fact that even they can contribute to change themselves. One can find these people saying, â€Å"I have always been this way,† â€Å"this is the way I

Key Legislation and the Participants Who Have Launched the Polar Bear Term Paper

Key Legislation and the Participants Who Have Launched the Polar Bear Protection Campaign - Term Paper Example The flexibility of ESA IV. Negative sides A. ESA not absolutely effective in curbing the global warming B. Hard to get the connection between melting ice caps and the greenhouse gas C. ESA the costs of regulating greenhouse gases are high V. My stance and rationale for why you support or oppose the project. A. Kyoto protocol will be of great importance in curbing the global warming B.1973 international agreement will result to increase of polar bears in the world. C. Amendments of the Endangered Species Act widen its implications ? ­ Introduction In the contemporary world, global warming has not only jeopardized the health of individuals but also it has significantly affected the living condition of the animals especially those residing in oceans, seas and on the ice. Earlier on, human activities were viewed as major contributors to global warming. However, due to the industrial and technological developments that have emerged in the world, carbon emissions have been the major trig ger for global warming. Despite the engagement of many countries to fend off the challenges of global warming, some countries such as US and China have not taken initiatives to join Kyoto Protocol, an agreement that is focused on mitigating carbon emissions. Major legislation that has been adopted by the US government to reduce emissions include the Clean Air Act and the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Major Players US major players in the protection of the polar bear include Natural Resources Defense Council, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, United States Geological Survey and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (Laura, 2008). According to the Endangered Species Act, Fish and Wildlife Service should identify the species that are threatened or endangered before they are listed. In this way, the FWS has a clear recovery plan that is aimed at protecting the species. Some of the key factors that are considered during the identification of a threatened or endangered spe cies include the scientific use, modification, predation or diseases, curtailment as well as the ineffectiveness of the regulatory mechanisms.  

The Role of Rearmament in International Relations Essay

The Role of Rearmament in International Relations - Essay Example After the World War I, many nations were disarming themselves to concentrate on rebuilding as the war had destroyed a lot of resources in terms of public infrastructure, killed a lot of people and the economies of most nations were on the downfall. Germany on the other hand left the league of nations and begun rearming itself again. This caused a threat to other nations in the region they could no sit back and wait to be attacked. 1The UK also embarked on rearmament program because Germany was becoming a threat. In the middle of 1930s, the British government obtained the biplanes to be used by the Royal Air Force and this was quite different from that which was being used in the First World War. Other weaponry obtained by the rearmament program included hawker hurricane, battleships, aircraft carriers and super marine spitfire. This came to be useful to them during the Second World War. 2 The end of the First World War was marked by the signing of the accord termed as the treaty of Versailles in the year 1919. The treaty was assented to by France, Italy, the Great Britain and not the US since it was later to draft its own accord with Germany in 1921. Many historians view the signing of the Versailles treaty as the major driving force that lead to the Second World War. ... Rearmament in the Rest of the World It's quite obvious that the most war oriented nations are those that spend a lot on rearmament obtaining more dangerous weaponry and military personnel. Germany has been criticized a lot for stimulating or rather initiating the Second World War. This is because by the time other nations were disarming and concentrating on development to recover what had been lost in the war, the Germans did the contrary and started building new weapons. In reaction to that, other countries like the UK begun to build weapons in fear that the Germans would attack them as the memories of the First World War were still fresh in their minds. 3 Hitler decided to violate the Versailles treaty claiming it was imposed to the German people. He called on all Germans to reunite and rearm and he stated clearly that the German would be the centre of the Europe and use the land to produce the food that the nation needed. For him to achieve this, Adolph Hitler realized that he needed a stronger army, than what he had inherited from his predecessor. He ordered the then army general to prepare an army of about 300,000 men, the ministry in charge of military was ordered to build 1,000 war planes and more military barracks were built as well. When the French refused his proposal to rearm, Hitler led the Nazi Germany out of the Geneva conference and was seen by many leaders as not being a supporter of external democracy and foreign policy. This led to reaction from other nations to follow suit. Japan was one of the nations to initiate a rearmament program. In 1936, its expenditure on national defense was estimated to be about 307 million dollars. France spent 716 million, the United Kingdom spent

Nash Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nash - Case Study Example In this proposed direct mail campaign, Kaminsky is not even sure which group of clients he would send it. Having enumerated these factors against the direct mail campaign, this campaign is likely to fail just like its predecessor even with the catchy phrases that Kaminsky has to consider as they do not relate to the business and are corny to say the least. Advertising in the industry’s national journal of human resource management in Canada through the Canadian HR Reporter is more appropriate in Kaminsky’s second promotional attempt. True, Kaminsky have already advertised in magazines before but it was not focused on his target clientele which are HR professionals so it had a lower chance of success. In advertising to a human resource journal, Kaminky’s chance of success is higher in advertising in Canadian HR Reporter considering that 72% of its subscribers are decision makers of his target market. It is also an efficient use of marketing budget considering that he will be hitting directly the group of people that avails of their service. Compared to the direct mail which Kaminsky is not even sure which group of prospective customers he should the eyeglasses. Kaminsky therefore should push for advertising in the Canadian HR Reporter for a full page for a month. He could reduce the exposure as well as the expenditure in the succeeding campaign by reducing it to a half page as a follow through to his initial advertisement of one full page. Malkam is a Cross Cultural Training Company founded by Laraine Kaminsky in 1989 as a home based business that provided English as a second language (ESL) training. The company eventually grow that by 1999, Malkam employed 10 full time staff with a database of approximately 65 consultants. Competition however is also growing strong and Malkam had to exert promotional marketing efforts to expand its clientele base and continue the growth of the

COMPUTING NETWORK MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

COMPUTING NETWORK MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The company has multiple sites that need to be interconnected and all the sites are located in neighbouring areas. The proposed LAN for Transcom Tax Analysis Ltd is the Token Ring LAN. The ring shaped network basically uses baseband transmission with the token access method. The bus usually consists of screened four core cable and the equipment is connected via MAUs. Up to eight PCs can be connected to one MAU (Atkins and Norris, 1995). A total of 260 MAUs can be included in one ring. Several rings can be connected together by means of a bridge. The topology can be a combination of start and rings (Atkins and Norris, 1995). All the MAUs lie on the ring while the computers are connected in a star to the MAU. A special bypass device in the MAU senses which of the computers are not in use and cuts them out of the ring (Leinwand, 1995). Other connections in the MAU are included in the ring. The network follows the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.2 for link protocol and 802.5 for connection to the medium (Atkins and Norris, 1995). The normal transmission rate is 4 Mbits/s, but speed of up to 16 Mbits/s is possible. By analysing the company needs and requirements, it is clear that the company is in need of a Token Ring LAN that is designed in association with one or multiple MAUs. One MAU is enough for smaller locations but for larger locations, more than one MAU should be employed (Pountain, 2001). As the company’s working procedures are well spread, they are in need of more than one MAUs, which will be connected together developing one MAU as the central authority. The Token Ring Topology is considered more reliable and secure due to which, the company’s security issue will be resolved. Moreover, the Token Ring Topology is the best choice for those networking environments that have heavy workload. UTP cable is more sensitive to EMI